内容正文:
高考英语语法词汇专项突破:聚焦不定式与分词作定语、表语及补足语+巩固训练
【高考试题展示】
【考例1】(2022全国乙卷)It can help to build a community with a (share) future for mankind,” he said.
答案与解析:shared。考查非谓语动词过去分词作定语。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。因为动词share和名词future之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。句意:这有助于构建人类命运共同体。
【考例2】(2022年浙江6月卷)Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not (do).
答案与解析:to do。考查不定式作宾语补足语。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。其中的不定式作宾语补足语,do与sb是主谓关系,即其动作由you发出,因此用不定式的主动形式,故填to do。句意:通过触摸,这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。
【考例3】(2020浙江1月卷)The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was 30-today it is 41 and is expected (increase) to 42 by 2050.
答案与解析:to increase。考查非谓语动词不定式做主语补足语。及物动词expect可以跟不定式作宾语补足语,即expect sb. to do sth., 根据其被动形式be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”看出后跟不定式,不定式这时候是主语补足语。故填to increase。
【考例4】(2023新高考I卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left (want) more next time.
答案与解析:wanting。考查非谓语动词现在分词作宾语补足语。分析句子可知,此处考查“leave sb.+宾语补足语”,本句是被动语态,want是主语补足语,根据句意,I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系,用现在分词wanting,故填wanting。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。
【考例5】(2023新高考II卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
答案与解析:visiting。考查非谓语动词现在分词作定语。分析句子结构可知,空后是名词,所以空处应填形容词作定语;visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。句意:他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈,这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。
【考例6】(2022新高考全国II卷)When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the 81 (fall) child.
答案与解析:falling。考查非谓语动词现在分词作定语。ran,jumped,hold out,and held是三个并列的谓语动词,因此设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,fall为动词,意为“掉落”, child和fall之间是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。句意:当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时,他跑了100米,跳过了1.2米高的栅栏,伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。
【考例7】(2022全国甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 73 (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking