内容正文:
Unit 1 句子成分
一、句子成分
在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语、同位语等。(Subject,Verb,Predicative, Object, Indirect object, Direct object, Object complement,Adverbial, Attributive,Appositive)
【知识梳理 1】主语
主语是动作的执行者或发出者。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句来充当。一般在句首。
【例题精讲】
例 1. Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语)
例 2. He reads newspapers every day.
例 3. Smoking is harmful to the health.
例 4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.
例 5. What we should do is not yet decided.
【知识梳理 2】谓语
说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。位于主语后面。
【例题精讲】
例 1. His parents are teachers. (系动词作谓语)
例 2. We study hard.(行为动词作谓语)
例 3. We don’t finish reading the book.(助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)
例 4. He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)
【知识梳理 3】宾语
宾语是动作、行为的承受者,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。
【例题精讲】
例 1. She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语)
例 2. We often help him.
例 3. He likes to play basketball.
例 4. We enjoy listening to the music.
例 5. She says(that)she is ill.
【知识梳理 4】宾语补足语
在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分,称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。
【例题精讲】
例 1. We made the charity show a success. (名词作宾补)
例 2. They make her happy.
例 3. Please let him in.
例 4. We found everything in good condition.
例 5. I see her dance.
例 6. We’ll help you to make the Olympics a success.
例 7. We heard her singing a song.
【知识梳理 5】表语
表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式及某些分词或从句来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。
【例题精讲】
例 1. I am a teacher.(名词作表语)
例 2. He is always happy.
例 3. I am here.
例 4. They are on the playground now.
例 5. My dream is to be a doctor.
例 6. The films were boring yesterday.
例 7. The reason for the missing the first bus is that he got up too late this morning.
注意:系动词除了be动词之外,还有:①表示感官的动词:feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound等;②表示状态延续的动词:remain,stay,keep等;③表示转变、变化的动词:become,get,turn,go,grow等。
课本练习。
Albert Einstein said,"lf you want to live a happy life, tie it to a goal.”(1)I agree. Goals are important in many ways.(2) Setting goals gives you a focus in life,By setting goals now, you are deciding what you