内容正文:
热点10 科普知识之阅读理解押题
高考卷D篇常为科普类体裁,科普类阅读理解一般阅读难度较高,对考生的知识储备和发散性思维有一定的要求。如2023年新高考I卷D篇阅读,主题是进行小组讨论的重要性。2022年新高考I 卷D篇,主题是语音学的研究发现。由此可见科普阅读在高考英语阅读理解题中占着较大比例。预测2024年高考科普阅读题依然平稳。
科普说明文阅读技巧
策略一:抓住文体特征:主题句:背景引入后\首句
四个部分:标题(简明揭示中心)、背景(引入)、主题(明确提出主题+详细说明)--通过实验、研究、举例、对比等方式进行以及结尾--简要概括中心
Who-文章的主体是谁(即所要说明和描述的人或事物)
the findings of the research & background
What-文章的主体做了什么(即主体表现出的特征、功能和用途)
Its feature,functions and usage
When and Where-何时何地(即何时何地表现Characteristic)
How-How did the research preform?
(The Data and Analysis of the Research)
Why-特性功能用途的原因(即Why is the research important?)
策略二:抓关键句--首末句 +作者态度句;
策略三:抓出题处:⑴在列举处命题。⑵在例证处命题,句中常用由as、such as、for example、for instance等引导作为例证,这些例句或比喻就成为命题者设问的焦点。(3)转折but,yet,however,nevertheless,rather,though,although,while,in fact,as a matter of fact,on the other hand,by contrast);。⑷在比较处命题,无端的比较、相反的比较、偷换对象的比较,经常出现在干扰项中,考生要标记并且关注到原文中的比较,才能顺利地排除干扰。⑸在复杂句中命题,包括同位词、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等,命题者主要考查考生对句子之间的指代关系和语法关系。
(6)带总结归纳(thus,so,therefor,accordingly,consequently,as a result,in a word,in summary,in brief);
(7)表达观点,总括的动词(believe,think,assume,suggest,show,conclude,find that,draw the conclusion that,discover that);
(8)问句--设问句\反问句(问句中的内容和答案---即文章作者要介绍的主题或观点)
策略四: “玩转”生词,长难句
A. 对于不影响文章整体理解以及解题的生词,忽略不计。
B. 影响理解及解题关键生词-一定要猜出。
策略五: 判断推理题
1. 不能夸大事实,过度推断。
2. 不能主观臆断,无中生有。
3. 文中细节,事实不是推断
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典例分析
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(2023·新高考I卷D)(2023·新高考I卷D)On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then