内容正文:
专题05 非谓语动词
我们从中考题中分析,对于非谓语动词语法能力考察集中于以下两点:
(1)动词不定式
(2)动名词、现在分词
考向分析:中考对于非谓语动词的考察要求考生们:
(1)掌握非谓语动词的定义;
(2)掌握动词不定式的用法;
(3)掌握一些特殊结构。
非谓语动词,非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词【现在分词和过去分词(done)】,即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。通常出现在单项选择,语法选择,语法填空,选词填空等考题中。
考向一:动词不定式:to+ do
不定式的作用
例句
作主语
①To learn is very important.
②To drive in the right is not allowed here.
注意:①不定式作主语时,可置句首。
②如果过长,可采用it作形式主语,不定式后置的结构。
※重点句式:1.It is/was+adj./n.+ to do(做什么。。是。。)
①It was difficult to answer the question.
※重点句式:2.It is/was+ adj.+ for sth./sb. +to do.
3.It is/was + adj.+ of sb.to do
①It is necessary for this door to be locked.
②It is very kind of you to help me.
4. It takes/took sb. +时间+ to do sth.
5. sb.+ be + adj. + to do sth.
6. think/find + it +adj.+ to do sth.
作表语
The most important thing is not to give up.
作宾语
①I want to swim in the pool.
②They intend to postpone the trip.
③A good translator is hard to find.
作定语
2 Give him an ornament to polish.
②I need a volunteer to take the minutes.
作状语
①The officer returned to help.(目的状语)
②My parents will be happy to meet you.(原因状语)
考向二:动名词
形式:①动名词与现在分词同型(v-ing)
②起到名词的作用
动名词的作用
例句
作主语(谓语动词为单数)
Reading helps you learn English.
作宾语
(有的动词直接加动名词作其宾语;有的加介词后动名词作其宾语)
1. He quit smoking a year ago.
2.I look forward to helping you paint the house.
It+形容词+动名词
It is no use telling him not to worry.
(此类形容词还包括:better、wonderful、enjoyable、interesting、foolish、difficult、useless、senseless、worthwhile)
作表语
(对主语进一步说明,相当于一个名词)
1. My job is teaching.
2.Seeing is believing.
作定语
(表示用途或性质)
1. a swimming pool=a pool for swimming
2. a moving truck=a truck for moving.
考向三:不定式与疑问词的连用
不定式可以和疑问词who, when, what, how,等构成不定式短语,在句中作主语宾语和表语。
如:I don't know what to say.
I don’t know what to do.
I don’t know how to do it.
I don’t know what to do about it.
考向四:常见非谓语考向
常用的带动词不定式to do的词
want ,would like ,agree, decide ,refuse ,learn
too…to do, adj.+ enough to do
常用的带to do做宾语补足语 (v. + sb. + to do )的词
ask sb.(not) to do sth.,