Unit 1 Lights,Camera,Action! Grammar and usage 导学案-2023-2024学年高中英语译林版（2020）必修第二册

B2U1 (3) Grammar主谓一致 基本概念 英语中的一致主要包括主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致、时态一致、名词和其代词的一致。主语和谓语保持一致——即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语人称和数的变化而变化，叫主谓一致。 [归纳用法] 英语中的主谓一致常见的有下列几种情况： 一、语法一致原则 1．就近原则：在正式的文体中，由not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，or，there be等连接两个并列主语时，其谓语动词与其靠近的主语保持一致。 (1) Not only the students but also the teacher _____________ (have) not come. (2) Neither the children nor the mother________________ (like) this kind of music. (3) There ____________ (be) a book and two pens on the desk. 2. 就远原则：主语后有with，together/along with，like，but，as well as，but/except，in addition to, as much as, including，rather than，besides等引导的词或短语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher together with some students_______________ (be) visiting the factory. 3. A and B ：如表示同一人、同一物、同一概念还或不可分的整体时用单数，反之用复数 [e.g.] trial and error –反复试验； the singer and dancer—那位歌舞演员； the knife and fork 一付刀叉 Time and tide __________(wait) for no man. Steam and ice ________ (be)different forms of water. 4．两个并列的名词前有each，every，no，many a等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。 (1) Each student and each teacher _________________ (be) given a ticket. (2) Many a desk and many a bench ___________________ (be) to be taken out of the hall. 二、意义一致原则 1．表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积等的复数名词作主语时，通常将其视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 Two miles ______________ (be) too far for the child. 2．集合名词family，class，crowd，team，government，company，group, audience,等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。 (1) Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school. (2) His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad. 3．当people，police，cattle等词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。 The police are searching for the lost child. 警察正在寻找那个失踪的孩子。 4．不定代词anyone，anybody，anything，everyone，everybody，everything，someone，somebody，something，no one，nobody，nothing，each，the other，either，neither等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Since everyone is here，let's begin our meeting. 既然大家都到了，我们开始开会吧。 5．代词none作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数，主要由说话人的意思来决定。但代表不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用单数。 (1) None of them knows/know the answer. (2) None of the information about him has been received. 6．专有名词