Unit 1 Light, camera, action! Grammar and Usage 讲义 2022-2023学年高中英语牛津译林版(2020)必修第二册

主谓一致 主谓一致指:句子的主语与谓语动词在人称和数方面的一致关系，该关系大致遵循三个原则，即语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。 一、语法一致原则：指主语和谓语动词在单复数形式上保持一致。 1.主语为单数名词或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式; 主语为复数名词时，谓语动词也用复数形式。 如: The food they served on the table was delicious. 2.由连接词and或both..and..连接起来的合成主语后面要用复数形式的谓语动词。 如: Both Tommy and Jackie are football fans. 注意:如果and所连接的两个词在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 如: The writer and scientist(这个作家兼科学家) was highly praised for his achievements. The writer and the scientist (作家和科学家)were highly praised for his achievements. 3. 动名词短语、动词不定式短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 如: Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 4. 当主语后面跟有as well as、with、along with、together with、including、rather than、but、except、in addition to等引导的短语时，谓语动词与主语的单复数一致。 如: Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has been invited to attend the party. 二、意义一致原则:指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语的单复数意义。 1.表示度量时间、金额、路程等的复数名词作主语时常被当作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式;但是在强调其复数意义时，谓语动词也可用复数形式。如: Forty thousand dollars was a large sum of money for me at that time. Four weeks are often approximately regarded as one month. 2. 当主语是由all of、most of、some of、half of、apart of、the rest of等接名词或代词时，或由“分数/百分数+名词或代词”构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词或代词的单复数形式。 如: Most of the students show great interest in classical literature. Eighty percent of the work has been finished. 3. 集体名词army、audience、club、family、crowd、class等作主语时，如果将其视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式:如果强调其每个个体成员，谓语动词则用复数形式。 如: The target audience for this advertisement is mainly teenagers. The class are all listening to the teacher attentively. 4. police、people、cattle等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 如: The police are searching the woods for the missing children. At least 40 people were killed in the explosion. 注意: people意为“民族”时是可数名词,有单数和复数形式。 如: Over thousands of years, peoples from Central Asia came to settle here. 5. 表示国家、机构事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 如: The United Nations plays an important role in the international affairs. One Thousand and One Nights(一千零一夜) tells people lots of mysterious stories. 注意:群岛、山脉、瀑布等专有名词，如Niagara Falls（尼亚加拉瀑布）等作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。 6. 主语由. kind(s)，