语法·句型类（讲义）通用版英语六年级下册

小学语法·句型类 There be 句型 There be句型的用法：表示某个地方存在某物或某人，Be动词的单复数e.g.： There is a table in the room.房间里有一张桌子。 There are some birds on the tree.树上有很多鸟。 一、There be句型的结构： 1．常见句型结构 （一）There is＋单数可数＋地点状语 e.g.： There is a ruler on the desk.书桌上有一把尺。 （二）There are＋复数主语＋地点状语 e.g.：There are four apples on the tree.树上有四个苹果。 There are some flowers in the park.公园里有许多花。 （三）there is＋不可数名词＋地点状语（即使有·some也是单数） e.g.：There is some water in the bottle.瓶子里有一些水。（水是不可数名词） 2．There be 选择就近原则： There be句型的就近原则是There be句型中语法项目的重点考点。Therebe句型中be动词的单复数形式由最挨近的一项的单复数决定。 如：There is a pen， two books and many pencils on the desk. （在本句中尽管有钢笔、书和铅笔，但是由于离be动词最近的一项是单数a pen，因此，be动词用单数is。） 二、There be句型的疑问句及回答 （一）There be句型的疑问 1．在“There is／are．．．”的疑问句中，要把Be动词放在there之前，并将句号变问号。难点：句中出现的some要改成any。 2．肯定回答为：Yes，there is／are． 3．否定回答为：No，there isn＇t／aren＇t． e．g．：可数名词单数1．肯定句There is an apple on the tree． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 -否定：There is not a knife in the kitchen. 2.There are five apples on the tree. 否定：There are not five apples on the tree. 3.There is some water in the bottle. 否定：There is not any water in the bottle. 4.There are some birds singing in the tree. 一否定：There are not any birds singing in the tree. 陈述句 陈述句说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子。 1、基本结构：主语＋谓语＋宾语 或者：主语＋系动词＋表语 主语＋谓语＋宾语：主语是名词性的词，谓语是动词或动词短语，宾语是动作的承受者或解释谓语的结果。e.g.He doesn＇t read books. 主语＋系动词＋表语：主语是名词性的词，系动词就是be动词，表语则用来表示主语的状态、样子等等。e.g.The sun is the most important planet in the galaxy. 2、陈述句有肯定形式和否定形式两种： 1）肯定陈述句We all like pandas very much． 2）否定陈述句He doesn＇t do homework at weekends 3、肯定陈述句改否定陈述句，变换方式主要有两种： ①一般是在be动词或情态动词后加not。 Mary was at school yesterday.->Mary was not at school yesterday. I can make a model plane.->1 can not make a model plane. ②不含be动词或情态动词的，行为动词前要用助动词的否定式（don＇t，doesn＇t，didn＇t），后面跟动词的原形。 He likes drawing pictures.->He doesn't like drawing pictures. I went to the park yesterday.->1 didn't go to the park yesterday. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 14．问“星期”，用what day； 15．问什么学科，用what subject； 16．问“什么时候”，用when； 17．问几点用What＇s the time？或What time is it？ 句型转换详解 一般疑问句 1．定义：用yes或no来回答的疑问句叫一