内容正文:
现在完成时中考高频考点及巩固练习
一、定义
现在完成时(the present perfect tense) 表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或后果,或者表示过去一段时间发生一直延续到现在并有可能延续到将来的动作或状态。
e.g I have lost my wallet. / You have learned English for eight years.
二、构成
肯定式:主语+have/has+done (过去分词) +其他.
e.g I 've eaten my lunch. e.g She's eaten her lunch.
否定式:主语+haven't/hasn't+done (过去分词) +其他.
e.g I have not (haven’t) seen the film.
e.g She has not (hasn’t) seen the film.
一般疑问式:Have/Has+主语+done (过去分词)+其他?
回答: Yes, 主语+have/has. No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.
e.g. Have you known Sandy for a long time?
Yes, I have/ No, I haven’t.
三、过去分词
1、规则变化
类别
构成方法
示例
读音规则
一般情况下
加-ed
look-looked
在清辅音后读/t/; 在浊辅音和元音后读/d/; 在/t/和/d/后读/id/。
以不发音字母e结尾的动词
加-d
live-lived
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词
变y为i, 再加-ed
study-studied
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的动词
双写词尾的辅音字母,再加-ed
plan-planned
2、不规则变化(见8A课本P141、P142)
四、用法
1.延续:过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态(有可能延续到将来),只与某些带有延续意义的动词连用,常与since,for连用
e.g He has studied English for 6 years.
e.g Mary has been busy since she came back from Hangzhou.
since和for 的用法区别:
for+时间段
since+过去的时间点(译为:自从.....以来) since 2002
since+时间段+ago since two years ago
since+从句(从句用过去时)
注1) 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用,也不能用于how long问句中。
(误)I have left for 5 years.
(正) I have been away for 5 years.
2.影响:过去发生的动作和事情对现在产生的影响和结果。
e.g I have read the book already.
3.经验:在过去发生过一次或多次的动作,已成为某种经验
e.g We have been to the Great Wall three times.
e.g We have never been to England.
五、标志词
影响:already, yet, still, just, before…
延续:since, for, so far, by now, up to now, till now, in the past few/数字years…
经验:ever, never, once, twice, all/in one’s life…
(1)already:adv. 常用于现在完成时肯定句中,表示“已经”
e.g I’ve already had breakfast. = I’ve had breakfast already.
(2) yet:adv 常用于现在完成时否定句句末,表示 “还(没)”
e.g I haven’t had breakfast yet.
用于疑问句句末,表示 “己经”
e.g Have you had breakfast yet?
(3) ever:常用于现在完成时肯定句/疑问句句中,表示 “曾经”
e.g Have you ever been to Beijing?
(4) never:常用于现在完成时否定句句中,表示 “从来没有”
e.g I’ve never been to Beijing.
(5) just:表示“刚刚”,常用于现在完成时句中。
e.g I’ve just had breakfast.
(6) before:用于