内容正文:
22 阅读首字母填空、自由填空型等解题技巧讲解
首字母填空,即每个空格开头给了一个字母作为提示,全篇共7-10个空格。学生需要在句子的空白处填上适当的单词,使句子意思完整、语法正确。文章中提供的首字母同时起着提示和限定的作用,一定程度上增加了题目的难度,因为选择少了;但是好处是给了字母提示,选择的方向清晰了。想要做好这类题,必须掌握以下几点。
01 通过上下文找答案
首先,我们可以先跳过空格把短文从头到尾迅速读一遍来理解文章的大概内容,为填写意思相符的答案做好准备。切记:只见树林不见森林这八个字,只有全篇的意思清楚了,你才有可能根据文章意思判断细节处的答案;此外,有些空格的答案是要根据后文的线索才能推出来,如果不通读文章而只读空格所在的这句话,答案很难得出。
所以,通读全文很关键,你绞尽脑汁想不出的答案,可能就在文中的某个角落默默注视你。
02 通过精读句子找答案
很多时候,我们把文章通读一遍之后,发现有几个题目还是找不到答案,这些被筛出来的题目所在的句子,就需要我们进行精读。
03 通过固定搭配找答案
固定搭配是阅读理解填词的一个重要考点,需要我们迅速地找到空格前后的介词或副词,来决定空格处填入的单词。
04 复读全文,验证答案
按照以上几种方法顺利找到所有答案之后,需要把文章再读一遍,看看填入空格的是不是最佳选择,拼写是否有误,词形是否要作必要的变化,短文是否前后连贯一致,情节发展是否合理,议论是否合乎逻辑,等等。在做这一步时,大家应该从词法、句法、习惯用法等方面考虑答案的准确性,做到含义、形式都正确。
除了首字母填空,短文填空还包括:根据中文写英文、用括号里所给词的适当形式填空、没有任何提示词自由填空。这几种题型可以根据第21讲的解题技巧、语法知识、固定搭配做题。
【真题实战】
(2023·天津·统考中考真题)
根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
A smile shows that a person is happy. For example, a person may smile when he or she is p 1 with some progress in studies. Or a person may smile if a friend tells a funny joke. There are other good r 2 to smile often.
First, it is e 3 to smile than to show unhappiness. In fact, it only takes 17 muscles (肌肉) to smile. On the other hand, it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness. So give the muscles in your f 4 a rest and smile!
Second, smiles are nice. People may try to l 5 nice by exercising or wearing nice clothes. However, people often say a smile is the best thing a person can wear. That is because it is easy to be a 6 someone who is smiling and happy. Almost no one wants to stay with someone who is always unhappy.
Third, smiles have power (感染力). Both smiling and laughing can easily and quickly s 7 from one person to another. If one person smiles, people around him or her want to smile, too. Similarly, when a person laughs, people tend (往往会) to laugh with him or her. If a person is s 8 , the best thing to do is to share a smile or a laugh. It is the easiest way to cheer someone up.
F 9 , smiling and laughing ar