Unit 1 Back to School Grammar and usage 课件-2022-2023学年高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册

句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义： 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 ↓ 主语 ↓ 谓 语 ↓ 定语 ↓ 宾 语 ↓ 同位语 ↓ 状 语 1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. 主语（subject） 状语（adverbial） 定语（attributive） 宾语（object） 表语（predicative） 补语 （complement） 谓语 （verb） 句子成分 (Sentence elements) Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. ㈠主语 主语：主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。 ㈡谓语 简单谓语:由“动词或动词词组”组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 （1）由“情态动词或助动词+动词”; He can speak English well. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由“系动词+表语”构成。 如：We are students. 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： ㈢表语 在系动词后的部分就是表语 常见的系动词有: be(am, is, are, were, was), appear, look,seem, feel, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain,stay turn,become,get, grow, come, go, prove (to be), turn out (to be) etc. 系动词不用于被动语态. The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need. His hobby（爱好）is playing football. 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。 表语： ●Please pass me the book. ●He bought me some flowers. ●I like my job. ●I love you. ●He wanted to leave here. ●They enjoyed playing computer games. ㈣ 宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词(vt.)和介词(prep.)后面 有的动词后面可以接两个宾语，通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语（indirect object），把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语（direct object） ㈤ 宾语补足语 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. We must keep it a secret. 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等)+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 They make him chairman of the club. He