UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ GRAMMAR（Word教参）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅱ　GRAMMAR 定语从句 [对应学生用书P112] [观察] 1．Do you remember the girl who taught us English? 2．This is the place where he used to live. 3．Mr Zhang，who came to see me yesterday，is an old friend of mine. 4．A middle­aged woman killed her husband，which frightened me very much. 5．A young man had a new girl friend，whom he wanted to impress. [归纳] 1．定语从句起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，可以分为关系代词和关系副词。 2．定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。 [对应学生用书P112] 限制性定语从句是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从句，它所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或事、物。限制性定语从句与被修饰词之间的关系密切，对其起限定作用，因此不可缺少，否则会影响全句的意思。限制性定语从句前不用逗号。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有：who，whom，that，which，whose；关系副词有：where，when，why。 The gift(that/which) I gave to her is a pet dog. 我给她的那份礼物是一只宠物狗。 (the gift 在后面从句中相当于gave的宾语，所以关系代词that/which可以省略) A man who is lazy can’t learn much. 一个懒惰的人学不了多少东西。 (a man 在后面从句中相当于主语，所以who不能省略) They are the people whose houses were destroyed in the earthquake. 他们是那些房子在地震中被摧毁的人。 This is the place where/in which my father works. 这是我爸爸工作的地方。 She still remembers the days when/during which she was studying in China. 她仍然记得在中国学习的那一段日子。 Could you give me the reason why/for which you was late for school? 你能给我解释一下你为什么迟到吗？ [即学即练]　用关系代词或关系副词填空 ①September is the day when students go back to school after a summer vacation. ②I don’t like the way that you treat animals. ③The reason why he won the first place in the competition is that not only did he follow the teacher’s advice，but also he trained hard. 非限制性定语从句与被修饰词之间的关系不密切，不能对其起限定作用，而是提供有用的补充。在口语中用停顿表示，在书面表达中用逗号与句子的其他部分分开，因此句中的关系代词不能省略。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有：who，whom，which，whose，as；关系副词有：where，when。 I gave her a gift，which is a pet dog. 我给了她一份礼物，是一只宠物狗。 (先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时，用which而不用that) He didn’t win the championship，which I hadn’t expected. 他没获得冠军，这一点是我没预料到的。 (which引导非限制性定语从句可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子的含义) He is a lazy man，who can’t learn much. 他很懒，学不了什么东西。 He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother，whom he loved and respected as his own mother. 他急于想去医院看望他的继母，他把他的继母当作亲生母亲一样关爱和尊敬。 After graduation，I decid