Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage（Word教参）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage [对应学生用书P71] 动词­ing形式和动词­ed形式作表语 1．It is amazing that every time Monet studied this simple scene，he brought the pond's beauty to the canvas in a unique way. 2．Van Gogh became depressed after he moved to London. 3．He was very impressed by the art works of the master painter Rembrandt when he laid eyes on them. [自我归纳] 句1 是verb­ing作表语；句2 和句3 是verb­ed作表语。 [语法图解] [语法突破] 一、动词的­ing形式作表语 动词的­ing形式作表语有两种不同的含义： 1．表示主语的内容是什么。 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是集邮。 2．表示主语具有的特征。 The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。 It was astonishing to see the animals and plants that are found nowhere else in the world． 看到了世界上其他地方找不到的动植物真是令人惊讶。 二、 动词的­ed形式作表语 动词的­ed形式在句中主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语、状语和补语。 动词的­ed形式作表语的含义 1．­ed形式在连系动词后作表语，说明主语的状态。 When we got there，the shop was closed． 我们到那儿时，商店已经关门了。 She felt satisfied with her performance on the high­and­low bars. 她对自己在高低杠上的表现感到很满意。 Hearing the news，he looked disappointed． 听到这个消息，他看起来非常失望。 2．动词­ed形式作表语和被动语态的区别 作表语的­ed形式表示状态，被动语态中的­ed形式表示被动动作。 All the doors are locked． 所有的门都是锁着的。(­ed形式作表语，表示状态) All the doors were locked by the guard． 所有的门都被卫兵锁上了。(被动语态，表示动作) 三、同一动词的­ed形式与­ing形式作表语时的区别 动词的­ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意思，而­ing形式作表语多表示主语具有的特征，含有主动的意思。 They were frightened to hear the frightening sound． 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。 At the sight of the moving scene，all the people present were moved． 看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动了。 [名师指津]　上述动词的­ed形式，有的(如pleased，tired，excited，disappointed等)已经变成形容词，可以被very，too等副词修饰。有的(如amused，puzzled，relaxed等)还不能被very，too修饰，只能被much修饰。 These problems are very puzzling. 这些问题很令人迷惑。 We are much puzzled by his failure to reply. 他不给我们回信使我们百思不得其解。 1．Visitors were amazed(amaze) at the amazing paintings that the guide showed． 2．It is disappointing (disappoint) that he didn't pass the exam. 3．The situation here is encouraging(encourage) and we are encouraged(encourage). 4．He was worried (worry) about his worrying son. 5．I'm not satisfied(satisfy) wi