UNIT 3 Section Ⅳ GRAMMAR & WRITING-【高考领航】2023-2024学年高中英语选择性必修第一册同步核心辅导与测评（北师大版）

Section Ⅳ　GRAMMAR & WRITING (一)Grammar——限制性和非限制性定语从句 [探究发现] 写出句子中的定语从句，并说明是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句 1．These include the third mass extinction，known as the “Great Dying”，which killed 90% to 96% of all species. which_killed_90%_to_96%_of_all_species；非限制性定语从句 2．The rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern. at_which_this_is_now_happening；限制性定语从句 3．A 2015 study by scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US，looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes. who_were_based_at_Brown_University_and_Duke_University_in_the_US；限制性定语从句 4．There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out. why_so_many_species_are_dying_out；限制性定语从句 5．If a sixth mass extinction occurs，scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species could die out. who_have_studied_the_issue；限制性定语从句 6．We need to take steps to save endangered species including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be protected. where_plants_and_animals_can_be_protected；限制性定语从句 [思考发现] 非限制性定语从句中的关系词不用that，也不能省略。 限制性和非限制性定语从句 一、结构 定语从句修饰主句中的名词成分(主语、宾语或者表语)，其引导词的辨别方式在限制性与非限制性定语从句中没有区别。 限制性与非限制性定语从句主要区别如下： 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 1 从句不能省略，如果省略整个句子意思不完整 从句可以省略，如果省略整个句子意思仍然完整 2 可以用that引导 不可以用that引导 3 引导词有时可以省略 引导词不可以省略 4 主句与从句不需要用逗号隔开 主句与从句需要用逗号隔开 5 从句只修饰先行词 从句既可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部分 6 不能修饰一个事件 可以修饰一个事件 二、用法 1．从句中缺少的成分为名词性成分 关系代词 句类型 定语从 示例 that 限制性 The bus that was full of tourists stopped near the Leaning Tower of Pisa. 那辆满载游客的巴士在比萨斜塔附近停车了。 非限制性 不引导 which 限制性 The Eco-capsule has a thick layer which significantly reduces heat loss. 这个生态胶囊有一层可以明显减少热量流失的厚厚的涂层。 非限制性(which可指代整个主句) The pod is equipped with solar panels，which guarantee solar energy as its power. 吊舱配有太阳能电池板，保证太阳能为动力。 who 限制性 Scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species could die out. 研究这个问题的科学家认为所有物种中多达3/4可能会灭绝。 非限制性 Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook. 我