UNIT 2 Section Ⅳ GRAMMAR & WRITING-【高考领航】2023-2024学年高中英语必修第一册同步核心辅导与测评（北师大版）

Section Ⅳ　GRAMMAR & WRITING Grammar—定语从句关系代词和不定代词的用法 (一)定语从句关系代词的用法 品读例句，体会黑体部分定语从句关系代词的用法 1．When we weren't playing on the court which was next to our building，we were watching a game on TV. 2．Paul's favourite player was Tyrone Bogues，a guy who played for the Charlotte Hornets. 3．Paul didn't know he'd soon get the chance that he'd been waiting for. 4．They were playing against The Bears，a team whose record was perfect. 【思考发现】 句子中which，who，that和whose是关系代词，引导定语从句，关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。 关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who，whom，whose引导的定语从句 (1)who 或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。 ①I've become good friends with several of the students in my school (who/whom/that)I met in the English speech contest last year. 我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。 ②I have many friends to whom I'm going to send post cards. 我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。 (2)whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which；指人时相当于of whom。 The school shop，whose customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays. 这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。 2．that，which引导的定语从句 (1)which指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。 (2)限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that 不用which的情况： ①先行词为不定代词anything，nothing，something，everything，all，some，none，little，few，the one等时。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 ②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 ③先行词被the only，the very，the last，the same，any，every，each，few，little，no，some，all等修饰时。 The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。 ④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey. 他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。 (3)关系词只用which而不用that的情况： ①关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。 The boy was away from home for a week，w