UNIT 3 Section Ⅳ GRAMMAR & WRITING-【高考领航】2023-2024学年高中英语必修第一册同步核心辅导与测评（北师大版）

Section Ⅳ　GRAMMAR & WRITING Grammar—被动语态 品读例句，体会黑体部分动词被动语态的用法 1．When fat and salt are removed from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something. 2．Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise. 3．Truly elegant chopsticks might be made of gold and silver with Chinese characters. 4．The giant panda is loved by people throughout the world. 5．Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement has been reached so far by the two sides. 6．It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come. 【思考发现】 被动语态的基本结构是系动词的后面跟过去分词。情态动词的被动语态是情态动词后面加系动词原形be和过去分词；完成时态的被动语态是have/has/had加上been和过去分词。 英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态两种，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 1．构成 陈述句：主语＋助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词(be有人称、数和时态的变化) 肯定句：主语＋be＋及物动词的过去分词 否定句：主语＋be＋not＋及物动词的过去分词 一般疑问句：Be＋主语＋及物动词的过去分词＋？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋be＋主语＋及物动词的过去分词＋？ 2．用法 (1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。 (2)没有必要指出动作的执行者。 (3)只需强调动作的承受者。 3．主动语态变被动语态的基本步骤 (1)将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语，主动语态中的主语变为被动语态中的介词by的宾语。 (2)将主动语态中的谓语动词变成 “助动词be＋该动词的过去分词”，注意时态不变。 (3)助动词要与新的主语保持“数”的一致；若主语和宾语是人称代词时，“格”应作相应的变化。如： (一)各种时态的被动语态 1．一般现在进行时的被动语态 构成：主语＋助动词am/is/are＋及物动词的过去分词 A lot of books are kept in our school library. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态 构成：主语＋助动词was/were＋及物动词的过去分词 A thief was caught last night. They were asked to speak at the meeting. 3．现在/过去进行时的被动语态 构成：主语＋助动词am/is/are/was/were ＋being＋及物动词的过去分词 A new library is being put up in the school now. The machines are being repaired. 4．一般将来时/过去将来时的被动语态 构成：主语＋will/would/be going to ＋be＋及物动词的过去分词 The Olympic Winter Games will be held in Italy in 2026. 5．现在/过去完成时的被动语态 构成：主语＋have/has/had ＋been＋及物动词的过去分词 My bag has been stolen. This airport has never been used. 【学以致用1】　句型转换 1．I clean the room every day. →The room is_cleaned (clean) by me every day. 2．We can not see the stars in the daytime. →The stars can't be_seen (see) by us in the daytime. 3．Li Ming have already watered some flowers. →Some flowers have_been_watered (water) by Li Ming already. 4．They are re