Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Using language-【精讲精练】2023-2024学年高中英语必修第一册外研版（教师用书）

Section Ⅱ　Using language 一、定语从句的基本概述 1．定语从句的定义 在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 2．定语从句的分类 (1)限制性定语从句：从句在意义上不可缺少，如果去掉，主句的意思就会不完整或失去意义，从句和主句不用逗号分开。 (2)非限制性定语从句：用来补充说明先行词，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整，从句和主句往往用逗号隔开。 3．关系词的分类 关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as 关系副词：when，where，why 4．关系词的作用 (1)连接主句和从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在从句中充当句子成分。 二、关系代词的用法 关系代词替代指人或物的先行词并在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。 1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。作宾语时一般可省略。 想见你的那个女孩过来了。(作主语) Here comes the girl who wants to see you. 她就是你在信中谈及的那个女孩吗？(作宾语) Is this the girl (who) you talked of in your letter? 2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。 罗丝是你应该关心的人。(作宾语) Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about. 3．whose可修饰人，也可修饰物，表“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。 那个人的车坏了，他们都冲过去帮忙。(作定语，修饰人) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 他住在一个门朝南的房间里。(作定语，修饰物) He lives in a room whose door faces south. 4．which指物，在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。(作主语) China is a country which has a long history. 他昨天买的收音机今天坏了。(作宾语) The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesn't work today. 这是我曾经住过的房子。(作介词in的宾语) This is the house in which I once lived. 5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who，whom，指物多用that。 每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语) The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 经理们讨论了将于明年执行的那项计划。(that指物，作主语) The managers discussed the plan that will be carried out the next year. 这是一个我们大家都十分想参观的地方。(that指物，作宾语) This is a place (that) all of us are eager to visit. [即时演练1]——单句语法填空 (1)(2020·全国Ⅰ卷，书面表达)My father is a teacher who/that loves his work and his students very much. (2)(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike. (3)Those who want to join in the activity sign up, please. (4)The girl who/that graduated from Cambridge University is positive about her future. (5)A doctor with whom my father worked last year has gone abroad. (6)This is the person who/whom/that you can depend on when you are in trouble. 三、关系代词的选择 1．宜用that而不用which引导定语从句的情况 (1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 他们在伦敦参观