Unit 1 Back to school Grammar and usage 句子成分和基本句子结构讲义-2023-2024学年高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册

高中英语句子成分和基本句子结构讲义 句子成分 句子的主要成分有主语（S），谓语（V），宾语（O），表语（P），定语（Attr），状语（A），补语（C）等。 其中常用的成分有：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语和状语。 1. 主语：指句子所谈论的主体 Autumn days give us some fantastic and lively colors. 2. 谓语：说明主语所做的主要动作或主语的特征和状态（由动词来表示） The city is covered with a thick sheet of snow. 谓语由动词来做，动词又有几大分类，要注意 ( Be 动词 (am, is, are) 感官动词 (taste, look, sound, smell, feel , ) 表示变化的词 (keep, stay, turn, get) 其它： seem, make )动词的分类如下： ( (1) 系动词 (2) 情态动词 (can, can’t, could, must, mustn’t, should, shouldn’t, may, might, need, have to 等 ) (3) 实义动词 ( run , invite, help, design, row, raise, grow 等 ) ) 动词分类 3. 宾语：指动作的对象，跟在及物动词后。有些动词后面可以接两个宾语，其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语（IO），表示物的宾语称为直接宾语（DO）。 My family takes this chance to spend two weeks together. Could you give us something to eat? 补充：宾语跟在实义动词之后或者介词之后。 As night sets in, the dark room is warmly lit up by a bright Christmas tree. his time is so special that schools often give students a two-week-break from their schoolwork to enjoy the winter holidays. 4. 表语：连系动词后面的成分称为表语。 The soup tastes strange. 5. 定语：修饰名词或代词（定语可以是单词也可以是词组或者句子） Li Wenliang is a brave doctor who is known to millions of Chinese people. She is a beautiful girl. 6. 状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子。(包含时间状语，方式状语，地点状语，原因状语，条件状语等) He walks into the classroom slowly. When I got home, my mother was cooking. 7. 补语：补充说明主语或宾语的特征或状况，分为主语补语和宾语补语。 基本句子结构 英语的句子结构可归纳为八个基本句式 句子结构 例句 主语+谓语 （S+V） Amy is sleeping.(sleep为不及物动词) 主语+谓语+宾语 （S+V+O） Amy was walking a dog when her mother came back. 主语+连系动词+表语 --Amy looks young –Yes, but she is already 40 years old. 主 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 Amy told me such a terrible story that I was unable to sleep alone. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补语 John is humorous. He can make everyone happy. 主语 谓语 状语 All the students have been in the hall. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 He put the bottles on the table. 存现句 There are a lot of dishes left in the plate. 课后练习 判断下列句子的基本结构 1. I have finished them now and I have got some time to relax and some money to spend on going out. 2. I really laughed out loud! 3. Basically, he found