第二讲 Unit 1 Back to school Grammar and usage &Integrated skills学案 2024-2025学年高中英语译林版必修第一册

第二讲 UNIT 1 Back to school Grammar and usage &Integrated skills 知识梳理 Study without thinking leads to confusion; thinking without study ends in puzzlement. — Confucius Grammar and usage A Exploring the rules 知识点梳理： 1、 give/ make a speech about/on…发表关于……的演讲 2、 pay attention to…注意……(to是介词，后跟名词、代词或 v-ing 作宾语) 3、 fill in/ out... 填写…… 4、 live a(n)… life 过……的生活 5、 focus/'fəʊkəs/n.[sing.]焦点，重点 the focus of attention 关注的焦点 bring... into focus 使……成为焦点 vi.& vt.集中(注意力、精力等于);(使)对准,(使)聚焦 focus...on... 将...对准... focus( one’s attention/energy/mind)on/upon...集中(某人的注意力/精力/心思)于... 6、 develop/ form good habits养成良好的习惯 7、 manage one's time 管理某人的时间 8、 detail/'diːteɪl/n. [C] 细节;[pl.]具体情况;[U]详情;[C]细微之处 in detail 详细地 detailed adj.详细的，细致的go into detail(s)详细叙述,逐一说明 9、 make progress 取得进步 10、 as a result of 由于,后接名词、代词或动词-ing。 拓展result 构成的其他短语:as a result 因此,所以result from... 因·····而产生,由·····造成 result in 导致,造成 11、 work out 找到(答案、解决办法等) 12、 refer to 在此意为"涉及,与……相关"。refer to 还可意为"参考;提及，说起"。 句型分析： 1、 Setting goals gives you a focus in life. 单个的v-ing短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 2、 By setting goals now, you are deciding what you want to achieve in the future. what引导的宾语从句, 作 deciding的宾语, 同时 what在宾语从句中作 achieve 的宾语。 3、 Then you know where you are going in life and can work hard to get there. where 引导的宾语从句,作 know的宾语。 4、 To realize your goals, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay attention to details. 不定式短语作目的状语 5、 Finally, setting goals makes you more confident. " make+宾语+形容词"结构· B Applying the rules 知识点梳理： 1、 symbol /'sɪmbl/ n.[C]符号，代号；象征 2、 tip /tɪp/ n.[C]指点,实用的提示；尖端；小费tips on/ for…关于……的提示/建议 give/ leave a tip 付小费 on the tip of one's tongue 话在嘴边上(却一时想不起来) the tip of the iceberg (问题的)冰山一角 3、 base /beɪs/vt. 以···为基础（依据）n. 根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营be based on/ upon ...以……为基础拓展相关词语积累：be based in...把总部设在……at the base of...在······底部;在······基础上 4、 break... down into...将……分解成… 5、 long-term goal 长期目标 short-term goal 短期目标 6、 remind /rɪ'maɪnd/ vt. 提醒,使想起remind sb. of...使某人想起…… remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 拓展相关词语积累：reminder n.[C]提醒人的事物,引起回忆的事物 7、 stick to 坚持;固守,维持过去式和过去分词均为 stuck [拓展] stick to one's word遵守诺言 stick to the rules 遵守规则 8、 in the end 意为"最后,终于",相当于 finally。 9、 pay off在此意为"取得成功，奏效"，是不及物短语动词。 [拓展] pay off还可意为"还清(债务等)"，是及物短语动词。 句子分析 1、 Don't push yourself to achieve more than what is possible. than 用以引出比较的部分,该句中被比较的部分是 what is possible。与之进行比较的 more 作 achieve 的宾语。 2、 Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills. based on your abilities and skills过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 goals。 3、 Break big goals down into small ones. ones指代 goals 4、 When you do so, they will seem easier to reach. so替代前文提到的把大目标分解成小目标的做法，避免重复。 5、 It is a good idea to put your goals where you can see them. It是形式主语, 后面的不定式短语" to put... see them"是真正的主语," where... them"是 where引导的地点状语从句。 6、 This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused. what引导的宾语从句，作 of的宾语，what 在该宾语从句中作介词 for的宾语。keep you focused 为" keep + 宾语+宾补"结构,该结构表示"使……处于……状态"。 7、 You may find achieving goals difficult. find +宾语(v-ing 短语 achieving goals) +宾补 (difficult) 8、 Write about it using different sentence structures. using different sentence structures 现在分词短语作方式状语 9、 There are a lot of things I need to do to achieve this goal. 省略关系代词 that/which的定语从句, 修饰 things。to achieve this goal动词不定式短语作目的状语 C 单元语法 句子成分和基本句子结构 知识点1 句子成分 句子是表达思想的基本单位，主要句子成分(sentence elements)有主语(S)、谓语(V)、宾语(O)、补语(C)、状语(A)、表语(P)、定语(Attr.)等。具体如下: 1.主语(subject):指句子所谈论的主体。如: The students are listening to me carefully. They want to learn English well. Learning English well isn't as hard as you think.学生们在认真听我讲课。他们想学好英语，学好英语不像你想的那么难。 2.谓语(verb)：又称为“谓词”，指谓语部分的主要动词，通常说明主语所做的动作或主语的特征和状态。如： My father runs every morning.我爸爸每天早上跑步。 You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。 The students are playing basketball on the playground.学生们正在操场上打篮球。 The film is interesting.这部电影很有趣。 3.宾语(object)：通常指动作的对象。有的动词后面可以接两个宾语，通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语(indirect object),把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(direct object)。如: Bill is going to buy a dictionary动词的宾语. 比尔打算买本词典。 We should learn from him介词的宾语.我们应向他学习。 Lend me间接宾语 your book直接宾语, please.请把你的书借给我。 4.补语( complement):补语分为主语补语( subject complement)和宾语补语(object complement),用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况。如： Mr Smith is made chairman of the club主语补语.史密斯先生被任命为俱乐部的主席。 Listening to music makes me relaxed宾语补语.听音乐使我放松。 5.状语(adverbial):修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。如： Kate plans her study carefully修饰动词plans.凯特认真地计划她的学习。 Clearly修饰整个句子, this will cost a lo t more than we realized before.显而易见，这将比我们以前了解到的花费要多得多。 I' ll be back in a while.时间状语我一会儿就会回来。 I'm very pleased to see you.原因状语 见到你我非常高兴。 Please call me up if you need help. 条件状语 你如果需要帮助,请给我打电话。 6.表语(predicative):指连系动词后面的成分,通常说明主语的身份、特征和状态等。常见的连系动词有 be、become、feel、get、look、seem等。 如: Africa is a big continent.非洲是个大洲。 I feel much better.我感觉好多了。 They seem to know the truth.他们似乎知道真相。 7.定语(attributive):修饰名词或代词。如: Dalian is a beautiful city.大连是一个美丽的城市。 My sister works in a trade company.我妹妹在一家贸易公司上班。 Is there any difference between spoken English and written English?英语口语和书面语之间有什么不同吗? The man who is talking with a foreigner is my English teacher. 正在和一个外国人说话的那个男士是我的英语老师。 Why don't you read something easier? 你为什么不读些易读的东西? 知识点2 基本句子结构 英语句子的基本结构可归纳为八种基本句式，句子可以在此基础上扩大、组合、省略和倒装。掌握这八个基本句式是掌握英语句子结构的基础。 句子结构 例句 主语+谓语 (S+V) The rain stopped.雨停了。 主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) He enjoys reading. 他喜欢读书。 主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P) This is an English-Chinese dictionary.这是一本英汉词典。 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) My mother bought me a dictionary.我妈妈给我买了一本词典。 主语 +谓语+宾语+宾语 补 语(S+V+O+C) They painted the door green.他们把门刷成了绿色。 They found the house empty.他们发现房子是空的。 主语+谓语 +状语(S+V+A) The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。 主语+谓语 +宾语+ 状语 (S+V+O+A) He put the coffee on the table.他把咖啡放在了桌子上。 存现句：引导词there 引导的句子 There are many customers in the shop. 商店里有很多顾客。 Integrated skills 知识点梳理： 1、 start 熟词生义 vt.& vi、发起,创办，开办 2、 put… in the correct order 把……按照正确的顺序排列 3、 proposal/prəˈpəʊzl/ n.提议，建议，动议 the signed proposal 签过字的提议 make/put forward a proposal（to do sth/for sth.）提出...的建议→propose vt.提议,建议 propose (doing) sth.建议(做)某事 4、 set up 在此意为"安排" set up a meeting安排一次会议 5、 sign up for…报名参加…… 6、 contain/kən'teɪn/ vt. 包含,含有,容纳 7、 aim/eɪm/ n.目的，目标 achieve one's aim 达到某人的目标 with the aim of...( = for the purpose of...)为了… vi. & vt.力争做到；目的是；aim at doing sth. =aim to do sth.=be intended to( do)=be aimed at(doing) sth. 致力于做某事 aim at/for sth. 以某物为目标 vt. 针对,对象是 be aimed at sb.针对某人，对象是某人(主语一般是物) vt.& vi.瞄准,对准 aim (sth.) at sb./ sth.(把……)瞄准…… 8、 material /mə'tɪəriəl/n. [U, C,usually pl.〕材料;[U]素材 adj.物质的，实际的；客观存在的 9、 style /staɪl/ n.风格；方式；样式 in different styles 不同的风格 10、 technique /tekˈniːk/ n. 技巧，技艺；技能 11、 workshop /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ n. 研讨会，讲习班；车间，作坊 hold workshops 组织研讨会 a drama/ poetry/ music workshop 戏剧/诗歌/音乐研讨班 12、 professional /prəˈfeʃənl/ adj. 职业的，专业的；有职业的；娴熟的，精通业务的 n.专门人员，专业人士 拓展 profession/prə'feʃn/n.[C]行业,职业 the medical/ teaching profession 医疗/教学专业 professor/prə'fesə(r)/n.[C]教投 13、 give talks on…作关于……的报告 talk 熟词生义 n.[C](专题)报告,演讲 14、 material /məˈtɪəriəl/ n. 材料；素材 adj. 物质的，实际的；客观存在的 15、 poster /ˈpəʊstə(r)/ n. 海报；（在网络留言板上）发布消息的人 make posters制作海报 16、 intend/ɪn' tend/ vi.& vt.打算 intend to do sth.打算做某事 17、 call for需要;要求 18、 type /taɪp/n.[C] 类型,种类vt、 & vi. 打字 19、 get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 20、 agree to sth.同意(建议、计划等)拓展agree with sb.同意某人的观点 agree on sth.就某事达成共识 21、 structure 熟词生义 vt. 系统安排，精心组织 22、 target/'tɑːgɪt/n.[C]目标,指标 target reader 目标读者 23、 brief/briːf/ adj. 简洁的,简单的；短时间的 24、 in terms of... 就………而言,在………方面 25、 edit/'edɪt/ vt. & vi. 编辑,编纂，校订(文章、书籍等) 26、 comment/'kɒment/n.[C,U]议论，评论 make comments on/ about …就……发表评论 句型分析： 1、 Listen to Maggie and Mr Zhou’ s conversation and put the steps it takes to start a new school club in the correct order. 定语从句，修饰先行词 the steps，关系词在定语从句中作 takes的宾语，故省略了。 2、 Give the signed proposal to Mr Zhou. 动词-ed 作前置定语,修饰 proposal, proposal与sign之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 3、 Wait for the proposal to be accepted by the principal.动词不定式的被动式，proposal与accept之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 4、 Write short stories using different techniques 现在分词短语作方式状语 5、 Hold workshops to discuss the short stories that club members read and write 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the short stories。 6、 Materials needed: Paper and pen for each student动词-ed 作后置定语,修饰 Materials。 7、 Its purpose is to get the reader to agree to your suggestion or plan.动词不定式短语作表语。当主语是 purpose、dream、wish 等名词时，后面常用动词不定式作表语。 8、 It is important to separate different types of information to make your proposal easy to read.动词不定式短语作目的状语 9、 You should especially check if there are any mistakes in terms of if 引导的宾语从句，if表示“是否”，在从句中不作成分，不可省略，可替换为 whether。 对应练习： I单词拼写(用本部分所学单词) 1、I would be grateful if you could provide us with some (细节) on the subject. 2、I called Jane and (提醒) her that the meeting had been put off. 3、It is my turn to organize(组织)the activity and could you please offer me some helpful (提示)? 4、 (专业的) skills are tools like a knife or a hammer. You need them to complete the things you want to do. 5、If you want to attract more new members to the tennis club, you'd better put up a ( 海报) first. 6、— Why do people like pop music? I hate it so much.— Even though it is not your (风格), that doesn't mean it is bad. 7、Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple (技巧). 8、Personally, online learning is useful to me because there are so many learning (材料) for me to choose from. Ⅱ语法填空（在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。） 1、Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus the" public" at the expense of the" speaking. " 2、I like the film very much because it reminds me the happy days when I was young. 3、In our childhood, we were often reminded by Grandma (pay) attention to our table manners. 4、The manager put forward a proposal that he (develop) the new project at once. 5、All our projects aim ( encourage) the development of poor and remote villages. 6、During your travel, you can refer to this guidebook for (detail) information about the hotels in the area. 7、 (read) original English novels is one of the best ways to improve your English. 8、We have a variety of winter camps for your holiday. You can choose one (base) on your interest. Ⅲ用方框内短语的适当形式填空(有两项为多余选项) as a result of focus one's attention on stick to in detail sign up for call for 1、After his retirement(退休), he can his personal hobbies. 2、If you work out bright and early(大清早)in the morning, you will be more likely to healthy food choices throughout the day. 3、We may have physical problems sitting in front of the screen for a long time. 4、Planning is good as it decides how we do what we want to do. IV、判断下列句子中的画线部分在句中所作的成分 1.I love your songs. ; ; ; 2.Young people are also getting more interested in cooking. 3.There, you' ll find them prepared differently. ; ; 4.We played games together, and stayed up late reading bedtime stories. ; 5.Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. 6.She handed me advice. " Be yourself. " V、判断下列句子的基本结构 1. The bread tastes delicious. 2. I will spend the summer holiday in the countryside. 3. He bought me a birthday present. 4. I could not make him change his mind. 5. We finished our homework. 6. He got up very late. 7. There is some milk in the bottle. 8. The baby cried. 【答案】 Ⅰ.单词拼写(用本部分所学单词) 1. details 2. reminded 3. tips 4. Professional 5. poster 6. style 7. techniques 8. materials Ⅱ.语法填空 1. on/ upon 2. of 3. to pay 4.(should) develop 5. to encourage 6. detailed 7. Reading 8. based Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式填空(有两项为多余选项) 1. focus his attention on 2. stick to 3. as a result of 4. in detail IV、判断下列句子中的画线部分在句中所作的成分 1.主语；谓语；定语；宾语 2.表语 3.宾语；宾语补语；状语 4.谓语；状语 5.定语 6.直接宾语 V、判断下列句子的基本结构 1.主语+连系动词+表语 2.主语+谓语+宾语 +状语 3.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语 5.主语+谓语+宾语 6.主语+谓语+状语 7.存现句 8.主语+谓语 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$