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第二土周Week Twenty@ 第二十周 Week Twenty Monday ◆答案P223 ■阅读理解 猛踩刹车 ©关键词：brake @体裁：议论文 @词数：418 0难度：4 @建议时间：9' @正确率：/4 When a driver slams on the brakes to avoid At least Barbara Wege,who heads a group hitting a pedestrian crossing the road illegally,she is working on autonomous-vehicle ethics at Audi in making a moral decision that shifts risk from the Ingolstadt,Germany,says such studies are valuable. pedestrian to the people in the car.Self-driving cars Wege argues that self-driving cars would cause fewer might soon have to make such ethical judgments on accidents,proportionally,than human drivers do their own-but settling on a universal moral code for each year-but that people might focus more on the vehicles could be a tough task,suggests a events involving robots. survey. Surveys such as the Moral Machine can help to The largest ever survey of machine ethics, begin public discussions about these unavoidable called the Moral Machine,laid out 13 possible accidents that might develop trust."We need to situations in which someone's death was come up with a social consensus,"she says,"about unavoidable.Respondents were asked to choose who which risks we are willing to take. to spare in situations that involved a mix of 1.Why is it difficult to set universal moral rules variables:young or old,rich or poor,more people for programming self-driving cars? or fewer.Within 18 months,the online quiz had A.Social values always change with the times. recorded 40 million decisions made by people from B.Moral choices vary between different cultures. 233 countries and territories. C.Drivers have a preference for sacrificing the When the researchers analysed these answers, weak. they found that the nations could be divided into D.Car makers are faced with decisions of life or three groups.One contains North America and death. several European nations where Christianity has been 2.The researchers conducted the study by the dominant religion;another includes countries A.using a massive on