专题04 主旨大意题（文章大意题，段落大意题，标题归纳题，篇章结构题）-2024届高三英语总复习题型技法精解（通用版）

主旨大意题 主旨大意题 1.文章大意题 2.段落大意题 3.标题归纳题 4.篇章结构题 一．文章大意题 1.快速确定文章大意。没有明显的主题句的文章或段落要通过归纳要点抓大意。 2.主题句位于文章或段落中间类型的文章要从段落中抓大意。主题句出现在开头的文章，如说明文、议论文、科技文献和新闻报道，要从首句中抓大意。段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however，but，in fact，on the contrary，in contrast等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。 3.首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。 4.设问形式常有： (1)What is the main theme/topic/idea of this/the passage/the text? (2)What does the text/passage mainly focus on? (3)The passage is mainly about ________． (4)The general/main idea of the passage is ________． (5)The passage mainly focuses on ________． [解题技巧]　 找主题句四个小窍门 1．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however，but，in fact，actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。 2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。 3．作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。 4．表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore，thus，in short，conclude，conclusion等词。 例题1 Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter­gatherers，small，tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them. Soon afterwards，many of those people started settling down to become farmers，and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries，trade，industrialisation，the development of the nation­state and the spread of universal compulsory education，especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades，all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present，the world has about 6，800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages，often spoken by many people，while hot，wet zones have lots，often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages；th