内容正文:
新概念英语第一册:语法总结
1.人称
代词及be动词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
主格
we
you
you
she
he
t
they
宾格
me
us
you
you
her
him
them
形容词性物主代词
my
our
your
your
her
his
its
their
名词性物主代词
mine
ours
yours
yours
hers
his
its
their
反身代词
myself
ourselv
yoursel
yourselve
herse
himself
itself
them
es
selve
be动词现在时
am
are
are
are
is
is
are
be动词过去时
was
were
were
were
was
was
was
were
主格:用在句首,作主语
宾格:在动词、介词之后
反身代词:表示某人自己
形容词性的物主代词:不能单独使用,后面必须加名词
名词性物主代词:只能单独使用
2.名词
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词
A.不可数名词
分开还是它本身的东西:water,tea,bread,milk.rice抽象的东西:love,beauty,coldness(冷)
不可数名词有以下特点:1.不能用a,an修饰2.不能加s3.和单数be动词或动词单数搭配
4.若要数,则数在量词上e.g.a bar of chocolate
B.可数名词
单数可数名词要用冠词修饰,复数可数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有以下几种变化:
规则变化的名词复数形式
规则1
般情况+se.g.shell-→shellsbook→books
规则2
以s,x,ch,sh结尾+ese.gbox一→boxes church-→churches,.bus→buses,watch一
watches
规则3
以o结尾+s或+ese.g.potato一potatoes,Negro→Negroes,.hero→heroes,tomato-
tomatoes,(口诀:黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿),剩下一般加s,radio-→radios
规则4
以f,fe结尾的,变f,fe为vese.g.life一lives half--→halves,.shelf→shelves,wife一
wives
规则5
以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+ese.gsky→skies fly→fies
不规则变化的名词复数形式
单数
man
woman
foot
goose
tooth
复数
men
women
feet
geese
teeth
单数
child
sheep
deer
mouse
fish
复数
children
sheep
deer
mice
fish
3.冠词:
冠词数量上表示“一个”。冠词一共有三个,分为不定冠词和定冠词。
1、a,an是不定冠词:可数名词单数前面必须要用不定冠词
a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前面,用于以元音音素(元音发音的单词)开头的名
词前面a pen an apple
an umbrella
an egg an hour
a university
2、th©是定冠词,表示特指,有两种发音:[1、[],以元音发音开头的单词前
面读[]。当想使听话者特别注意he后面的名词时,he就读为
],意思是“这一个
而且只是这一个”或“主要是这一个”。
定冠词的用法:
①特指名词(即以说话人或听话人已知的人或物为前提)时,用hc
There is an apple on the desk.The apple is mine.
Well,there is a girl in front of the classroom.The girl is my sister.
②在专有特殊名词时,用he
the Great Wall,the Summer Palace,he Forbidden City(紫禁城),the sun
③在国家前不用冠词,特例国家除外
the United States of America
4限定词:some,any,many,much
some,any修饰可数名词或不可数名词,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑间句,注
意,当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some
many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词,在口语中表示很多一般不用many,much而
用a lot of,.在否定句中表示很多用many,much
e.g.I have a lot of money.I don't have much money.
5.介词
1.表时间:at+时间点:on+具体某一天:in+年/月/季节
at five o'clock;on Wednesday /May 15th i