话题03 科学与技术-八年（2016-2023）高考英语真题高频话题文体分类解读（全国通用

专题03 阅读理解-科学与技术类 ( 话 题解读 ) “科普知识与现代科技”话题是历年高考英语的必考话题，主要题型为阅读理解，体裁一般为说明文，分值所占比重也比较高。该话题包括各领域最新科技知识、最新发明创造等方面。科技已经影响渗透到我们生活的方方面面，例如电视、电脑、手机、MP3、火箭、卫星、宇宙飞船…… ( 解题技巧 ) 科学与技术类阅读理解主要包括科学研究、发明创造、科普知识三大主题。文章词汇难度较大，具体的 解题步骤如下：在理解文章主旨大意的基础上一定、二找、三比较。 一定：读题干，定关键词 二找：利用关键词，结合命题顺序，在文中找到信息句 三比较：将信息与选项比较，选出正确答案。 正确的答案的特征 1.与主题吻合 2. 同义替换 3. 语气委婉，不绝对化 错误选项的特征：无中生有、以偏概全、偷换概念、过度推理、常识干扰、绝对化 。 ( 真题再现 ) Passage 1（2023·全国新高考卷I） 【语篇导读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。 When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,6