2023年初高衔接专题3 定语从句

专题6：定语从句 一、定义及相关术语 1、定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3、关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。 · 关系词通常有下列三个作用： A、引导定语从句； B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 例：The boy who is singing at the stage is only nine years old. 先行词 关系词 定语从句 Anyone that is willing to help others is welcome to our group. 先行词 关系词 定语从句 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 2、whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 【注意】关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3、which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 4、that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 【注意】指物时，常用下列结构来代替：the+n.+of+ which The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. = The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? = Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 三．that与which 用法区别 (1)只用which, 不用that的情况 (a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时,只能用which。 The tree, which is four hundred years old, Is very famous here. (b) 介词后用which, 不能用that。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. (2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 (a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 (b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, little, few, much等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 (c) 先行词有the only, the very, the same, the