内容正文:
新牛津译林版高中英语必修一Unit 1 Back to school
Grammar and Usage
句子成分及句子结构
这两句话的翻译正确吗?
How are you?
怎么是你?
How old are you?
怎么老是你?
不可以完全按照中文的表达习惯学习英语哦!
我们需要了解中英文表达习惯的差异。
How are you?
你好吗?
How old are you?
你几岁啦?
中文句子偏线形 英文句子偏树形
我 爱 学 英语。
主语+谓语
e.g. I go to school by bike every day.
宾语
补语
状语
定语
什么是句子呢?
我,是句子吗?
你,是句子吗?
我爱你,是句子吗?
请思考:
我,是句子吗?
你,是句子吗?
我爱你,是句子吗?
句子是指由词和词组通过句法构成的、
能够表达完整意思的语言单位。
那么,句子成分又是什么呢?
I love you.
主语:I
谓语:love
宾语:you
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、
定语、状语,同位语和宾补。
概念须知:
I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
我昨天在这个车站遇到了我最好的朋友Tom.
I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓
主语
↓
谓
语
↓
定语
↓
宾
语
↓
同位语
↓
地
点
状
语
↓
时
间
状
语
句子成分的构成
句子的主干成分:
主语、谓语、宾语、表语
句子的次要成分:
定语、状语、补语(宾补、主补)、
插入语、同位语
主语(subject)
1. 主语是句子陈述的对象。
2.一般在句首。
3. 一般由名词,代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
1. We study in No. 7 Middle School.
2.The classroom is very clean.
3.To teach them English is my job.
4.Surfing, diving and swimming are all water sports.
5.Four plus four is eight.
6.What he has said is true.
7.The young should respect the old.
代词
名词
不定式
动名词
数词
主语从句
(the+adj表示一类人)
谓语(verb)
1. 表示主语的动作行为。
2. 必须由动词充当。
3.一般在主语后面。
(1) 简单谓语: 是由动词或动词短语构成的。
We study hard.
He often listens to music.
(2) 复合谓语:由“情态动词或助动词 + 动词原形”构成。
He can speak English.
We have finished the task.
I did see her yesterday.
实义动词
系动词
情态动词
助动词
(V.)
宾语 (object)
1. 表示动作的对象(动宾);介词涉及的对象(介宾)
2. 用在及物动词或介词后面。
She is playing the piano.
He often helps me.
We enjoy living in the countryside.
He is interested in painting.
3.宾语种类:
(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Please pass me the book.
(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.
They saw an exhibition(展览)yesterday.
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.
He pretended not to see me.
I enjoy listening to popular music.
I think(that)he is fit for his office.
名词
代词
数词
(the+adj表示一类人)
不定式
动名词短语
宾语从句
宾语补足语(object complement)
在宾语后