内容正文:
2024年高考英语一轮复习夯实基础(北师大版2019)
定语从句
考点一
关系代词引导的定语从句
(一) who/whom/whose引导的定语从句
用法
示例
who和whom指人;who在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whom在定语从句中作宾语,在限制性定语从句中可省略;在口语中可用who代替whom
*(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)On behalf of those who feel like making progress in English, I sincerely invite you to deliver a speech in our English program at 7:00 pm on Friday. 代表那些想在英语上取得进步的人,我真诚地邀请您周五晚上7点在我们的英语节目中发表演讲。
*The student who/whom you talked to just now is my best friend. 你刚才谈话的那个学生是我最好的朋友。
whose既可指人,也可指物;在从句中作定语,表示先行词的所有格,即 whose 前的先行词和whose之后的名词有所属关系。
(口诀:whose前后名,后名属前名)
*My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
我的大儿子目前在纽约,他的工作使他走遍全世界。
*He lives in a house, whose window is broken.
他住在一所房子里,房子的窗户坏了。
(二) that/which/as引导的定语从句
1.只用that引导定语从句的情况
(1)先行词是all、much、little、something、everything、anything、nothing、none等不定代词时。
*If I run into anything that might interest you, I'll send it your way.
如果我遇到你可能感兴趣的东西,我会把它寄给你。
(2)先行词被the only、any、few、no、very等修饰时。
*After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
他家失火后,那辆旧轿车是他唯一的财产了。
(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。
*That is the best film that has ever been shown so far in the city.
那是迄今为止在这个城市上映的最好的电影。
(4)先行词既有人也有物时。
*My mother and her old friends talked of persons and things that they remembered in the school.
我母亲和她的老朋友谈论了她们所记得的在学校里的人和事。
2.只用which引导定语从句的情况
(1)先行词为物,引导非限制性定语从句时。
*His best movie, which won several awards, was about the life of Gandhi.
他最优秀的电影,就是荣获几项大奖的那一部,是关于甘地生平的。
(2)先行词为物,关系代词充当介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词之前时。
*I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.
我买了很多书,这些书花光了我所有的积蓄。
(3)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时。
*She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.
她输了比赛,这使她很沮丧。
3.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
引导词
位置上
搭配上
意思上
which
只能放在先行词的后面
无动词的限制
这
as
位置灵活,可位于句首、句中,也可置于句末
谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词,如see、hear、know、expect、remember等
正如……、正像……的那样
*She changed her idea again, which was unexpected.
她又改变主意了,这是始料不及的。
*She changed her idea again, as we expected.
正如我们所预料的那样,她又改变主意了。
考点二
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