内容正文:
专题03词形转换类
词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重点。在解答语法填空中词形转换的相关题目时,一要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性:名词或代词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等,动词作谓语与非谓语,形容词作表语、定语,副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子;二要根据标志词及语境确定形容词或副词的比较等级;三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰词以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。
思维定向——判断是否考查词形转换
解题攻略
典例印证
第一步:确定是否考查词形转换
提示词为形容词、副词、名词或代词时,首先要考虑词形转换;
提示词为动词,且该动词在句中既不作谓语,也不作非谓语,则要考虑动词词形转换。
第二步:确定转换形式
据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析,最终确定正确的词形转换形式。
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ____________(meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
【分析】 第一步:确定是否考查词形转换。提示词为名词,由even more可确定,此处应该考虑形容词词形转换。
第二步:确定转换形式。结合句意“这将使他的徒步旅行更有意义”可知,空处应用形容词。
自主解答 meaningful
解题规则——判断词形转换的5种技法
技法1 提示词为动词的词形转换
提示词为动词,如果既不是谓语动词,也不是非谓语动词,则考虑动词词形转换。动词是转换成名词还是形容词,则根据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析。
快捷思维
典例印证
1.动词转换为名词
(1)v.+-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词,表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebration 庆祝
compete→competition 比赛
pollute→pollution 污染
educate→education 教育
possess→possession 拥有
(2)v.+-ment转换为名词,表示“行为或结果”
develop→development 发展
announce→announcement 宣布
argue→argument 争论;论据
encourage→encouragement 鼓励
(3)v.+-r/-er/-or转换为名词,表示“人”
perform→performer 表演者
settle→settler 移民者
educate→educator 教育家
direct→director 导演
visit→visitor 访问者
1.(2022·全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ____________ (protect).
2.(2022·1月浙江高考)When the answer was no, she declined the ________ (invite).
3.(2022·连云港市考前模拟一)We don't have enough resources allocated to our educational sector and the little ____________ (allocate) to the sector is not well managed.
4.(2022·武汉市模拟一)Meanwhile, a big tourism company said its rural tourism business has shown significant potential for future ____________ (grow) in the recent three years.
5.(2022·茂名市五校联盟第三次联考)After experiencing her older sister's ____________(die) and her parents' divorce, she is determined to stay alive for the sake of her broken family.
(4)v.+-ure转换为名词
fail→failure; mix→mixture;
press→pressure; depart→departure
(5)后缀-th结尾的名词
grow→growth; die→death
deep