03 押浙江杭州卷23-30题 阅读理解CD篇-备战2023年中考英语临考题号押题（浙江杭州卷）

03 押浙江杭州卷23-30题 阅读理解C、D篇 说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。 说明文主旨大意题：归纳大意型和主旨提炼性 说明文多是说明某种物体或者现象背后的原因和做法， 把握what, why, how 等有助于总结篇章主旨。 说明文的段落含义较为清晰，分析段落结构把握段落主旨有助于把控全文主旨。 说明文的写作意图是： 猜词词义的解题技巧是： 1.拆句知义，在本句中寻找线索，利用好近义词和反义词。 2.望文生义，根据上下文利用好定义 释义举例等。 细节理解题： 细节题推断题:根据文章中个某一个或几个细节进行较为简单的推断。解题技巧:根据关键词定位原文的内容，然后分析体悟字里行间的意思。 （2022·浙江杭州·统考中考真题） Can anyone be an astronaut? Of course not. You don’t have to have a science degree but most astronauts do. Most of them are pilots too. Life in a spaceship is hard so you must have a healthy body and mind. You need to be easy-going, patient, and helpful to spend so much time in a small space with other people. What’s the training like? People have to train for a year to learn how to stay healthy and safe. They practise space walking and living in zero gravity(重力). They train in difficult conditions to learn how to solve problems and to work in a team. Everyday tasks like eating, washing and sleeping can be difficult on a spaceship. There is no running water so you have to wash with wet tissues: it’s hard to enjoy the dry food that astronauts have to eat. And to sleep you must cover your eyes because the sun rises every 90 minutes on the International Space Station. You also have to tie yourself to something so you don’t fly away! What health problems do astronauts have? Life in zero gravity causes changes to our bodies. Bones and muscles(肌肉) become thin and weak so you must do a lot of exercise in space to stay fit and to help the heart move blood around your body. Astronauts often get backache because you grow in space— up to 8 centimeters! It’s also common to have headaches and to feel sick, especially at the beginning. You must have vitamins to take the place of fresh fruit and vegetables. But you don’t