专题04 押阅读理解之说明文-备战2023年中考英语临考题号押题（全国通用）

专题04 押阅读理解之说明文 说明文主旨大意题：归纳大意型和主旨提炼性 说明文多是说明某种物体或者现象背后的原因和做法， 把握what, why, how 等有助于总结篇章主旨。 说明文的段落含义较为清晰，分析段落结构把握段落主旨有助于把控全文主旨。 说明文的写作意图是： 说明文五大技能要素： 1.能获取文章具体信息 2.能根据文章具体信息进行简单的推测 3.能根据上下文推测生词词义 4.能理解作者观点、意图、态度 5.能理解归纳文章的主旨大意 五大阅读题型： 1.事实细节题 2.细节推断题 3.猜测词义题 4.推测意图、观点、态度 5.理解归纳主旨要义 答题应试技巧： 1.关注文章脉络结构。 2.关注每一部分的主题句，也就是说读完每部分就要弄清它的Main idea。 3.采取略读（Skimming），关注主题句，其余支持信息（Supporting information）扫视即可。 4.如题目是细节理解题则通过扫读（Scanning）有针对性地对读过的某部分仔细辨别具体信息。 5.通过上下文保证猜测词义题不失分。 6.文章主旨大意题，不能以偏概全也不能范围太大。 7.关注题目题干与选项的匹配。如题目为推理判断题，而如果选了事实题，那就不对了。 8.对一些推测作者接下来要写的内容或第一段前面所写的内容可通过文章承上启下的特点关注文章最后一段或第一段的内容。 ★特别注意： 阅读理解题的干扰项的设置具有一定的迷惑性。它不仅能检测出考生理解、概括、推断等逻辑思维的精确性、深刻性，而且对考生心理素质也是一种检验，干扰项的干扰性一般体现在以下五个方面： 1.脱离原文；2.以偏概全；3.扩缩范围；4.偷换概念；5.正误并存。 （2022·四川巴中·统考中考真题） Embroidery(刺绣) is an important traditional art form in Chinese culture. The most famous embroidery styles are Su embroidery from Suzhou, Shu embroidery from Sichuan, Xiang embroidery from Hunan and Yue embroidery from Guangdong. Shu embroidery has the longest history of all. Since modern machines can make cheaper embroidery products today, fewer people buy hand-made Shu embroidery products. There are also very few young embroiderers. The skill is endangered. Meng Dezhi, a national-level inheritor(传承人) of the art form, has been making Shu embroidery for forty years. She used to work at the Chengdu Shu Embroidery Factory. But in 2006, the factory went broke and Meng lost her job. Wanting to save the art, Meng wanted to have her own place and teach Shu embroidery to others. It’s hard work. Embroidery takes time and patience. Workers need to divide each silk thread(线) into more than ten or even thirty pieces. Each piece is thinner than a single human hair. In 2016, Baidu invited Meng to make a homepage logo for Qixi Festival. It was a small logo, but it required the use of 45 types of sewing techniques(针法) and 35,000 stitches(针). Meng is teaching in different universities and communities to save Shu embroidery. She believes that Shu embroi