2023届高考英语语法复习：定语从句学案

定语从句 1、 定义 1.在主从复合句中，对某一名词、代词或句子起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词、代词或句子叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 2.关系词分为：关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose,as等）和关系副词（when,where,why等）。关系词通常有三个作用：（1）连接主从句；（2）指代先行词；（3）在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。 3.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 关系词 that which who whom whose as when where why 所指代 人/物 物 人 人 人/物 物/人 时间 地点 原因 在从句中功用 主/宾/表 主/宾 主/宾/表 宾 定语 主/宾/表 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 二、关系代词的基本用法 关系代词代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。 1、who “主”, that “主宾表”, whom “宾”;“它们代替的先行词是人的名词或代词” 1).The boy _____ is named John is my brother. 2).The boy _____ the teachers like is John. 3).The film _____ we saw yesterday is interesting. 4).He is the man _____ you are looking for. 2、which “主宾”, that “主宾表” 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词。 1). I lost the book ____ I bought yesterday. 2). I lost the book ____ was bought yesterday. 3、whose 用来指人或物，修饰一个名词。whose+n.=the+n.+of which /whom 1).This is the girl _____father//the father of ____ is a doctor. 2).I want the book ______cover//the cover of ____is red. 三、限制性定语从句中，指物时用that不用which 的情况 1.当先行词是不定代词all, much, everything, anything, nothing等时 Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ 2.当先行词被the only, the very, 等修饰时 I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday. 我已经找到了正是昨天我丢的笔。 3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看到过的最好的电影。 4.当先行词是序数词或其前有序数词修饰时 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 5.当先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about the persons and things that they saw in the factory. 他们谈论起在工厂里看到的人和事。 6.主句是who 或which 引导的特殊疑问句时 Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ 注意：当关系代词在从句中充当宾语时可以省略。 【跟踪练习】 1).He did all / everything ______he could to help me. 2).This is the very thing _____ I am after. 3).We talked about the men and the things _______we remembered at school. 4).He is the only man _______can do the work. 5).This is the first thing _______I want to say. 6).Who is the man_______ spoke to you at the gate. 7).Which is the star _______is the