内容正文:
专题06 中考复合句考点
复合句之宾语从句
宾语从句引导词及作用见下表:
引导词
引导词的作用
that
本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略
what , which,who, whose ,whom等连接代词
在从句中作一定的成分,如主语、宾语、定语等
when(表时间),where(表地点),why(表原因),how(表方式)等连接副词
在从句中作状语
if/whether
意为“是否”、不作句子成分,但不能省略
易错警示:
whether和if通常可以通用,但下列情况下只能用whether,不能用if:
(1)介词后面的宾语从句只用whether引导。
(2)与or not连用时,只用whether引导宾语从句。
(3)后面跟to do不定式,只用whether引导。
【知识梳理1】 that引导的宾语从句
如:“She is a good girl,” the teacher told us.=The teacher told us ( that ) she was a good girl.
老师告诉我们她是一个好女孩。
【知识梳理2】whether或if引导的宾语从句
如:“Are you from Japan?” He asked me. =He asked me if/whether I was from Japan.
他问我是不是来自日本。
“Do you like watching TV?” He asked me. =He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV.
他问我是否喜欢看电视。
【知识梳理3】特别疑问词引导的宾语从句
如:When did he leave for Japan? Could you tell me? =Could you tell me when he left for Japan?
你能告诉我他什么时候去的日本吗?
宾语从句要注意的几个问题:
【知识梳理1】主句与从句时态一致的问题
(1)如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
(2)如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。
(3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,即使主句是一般过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。如:He told me that the earth is round.(客观事实)
【知识梳理2】宾语从句的语序问题
宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时,要特别注意从句的语序,即按照主语、谓语的顺序。
【知识梳理3】否定转移问题
当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
如:I don't think he will come with you, will he?
复合句之状语从句
时间状语从句
(1) 时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如:
It was raining hard when I got to school yesterday.
While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.
As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.
He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.
After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.
(2) 在时间状语从句里,通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:
I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.
I will tell him everything when he comes back.
He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.
(3) not…until/ till 直到……才
…till 直到……为止
1 until表示动作、状态的持续,强调“一直到……为止”,或强调某个动作或状态一直持续到另一个动作或状态出现之前。常与表示延续性动作的动词连用。