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二轮英语新高考经典版
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考点4词义猜测
考点解读词义猜测旨在考查根据上下文推断词义的能力。题干中常出现
refer to,probably mean等关键词,集中考查超纲词汇和熟词生义,重点是对句中
关键性词语一代词、实词(动词、名词、形容词等)和短语等的理解。
要做好此类题,应做到以下三点:一是熟练掌握大纲所列出的3,500个单词
和400~500个短语,同时在平时训练过程中要有意识地多积累生词和短语;二是
掌握构词法的基本知识:三是掌握一定的词义猜测技能。
词义猜测题的题量在近三年中相对稳定,在每份试卷中所占比例最小,但难
度略有增加,需在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
川典例解析
1语境分析猜词义
解题指导词义猜测常用的五种方法:1基本构词法:根据前后缀、合成及
词性转换去猜测词义;2同义或定义解释法:上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释,
如利用or,that is(to say),in other words,namely等词语进行解释,或利用破折号、
同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释:3前后对比法:上下文中往往对生词提供一
定的对比背景,且常以反义或对照的方式出现,以此可推测出生词的含义:4因
果推断法:结合上下文的因果关系进行猜测:5语境理解法:要准确猜测出生词
的含义大多需要根据上下文语境去分析和推断。
例(2022新高考I卷C篇)
Wendy Wilson,extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street,one of the first to
embark on the project,said:"Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the
creative sessions.We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring
to people here."
30.What do the underlined words "embark on"mean in paragraph 7?
A.Improve.
B.Oppose.
C.Begin.
D.Evaluate.
解析C词义猜测题。根据画线短语前面的“one of the first'”及其后面的
1
·独家授权侵权必究·
二轮英语新高考经典版
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Residents really welcome the idea of the project'”可推知,此处指Wendy Wilson(温
迪·威尔逊)是最早发起这个项目的人之一,由此可知,embark on与begin意思相
近。故选C。
2就近原则猜指代
解题指导猜测代替词的指代内容,要求判断代词(it,one,they,this,that,
these,hose,which等)或助动词(do,does,did等)具体替代什么。可按以下三步进行:
返回原文,找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索,找最近的名词、代词、短语或句
子→将找到的词、词组或句子替代该指代词,看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺,从而
确定最佳选项。
例(2022·河北省张家口市高三下学期模拟)
In the late 1930s,a collection of 14 gold Roman coins,known as the Chapipi
treasure,was also found in the same woodlands.The researchers believe that local
people may have buried their coins to keep them safe during a period of intense
political instability in the region.The most recent coin in the newly-discovered Grado
collection dates to AD 430,which was after the Suebi-a group of Germanic people
originally from modem-day Germany and the Czech Republic-pushed the Romans
out of Spain in AD 409,according to El Pais.
6.What does the underlined