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考点3主旨大意
考点解读主旨大意题考查把握全文和中心思想的能力,主要测试对一段文
字或一篇文章的深层理解及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某
一语段或某一语篇的主旨或标题设题。做此类题需要具有整体把握文章的能力,
以及善于运用概念、判断、归纳和推理等逻辑思维能力。
主旨大意题一般考查文章的段落大意、中心思想以及最佳标题。命题形式主
要有两大类:一类是概括段落或文章的主旨大意(main idea/mainly about)型;另一
类是确定文章标题或主题(title/topic)型。
主旨大意题的题量在近三年高考中趋于平稳,一般来说每套试题都有1~2
个小题。从考查形式来看,从原来的简单主旨归纳变得综合性越来越强。与此同
时,文章的行文跳跃性较大,次序变化大,隐含信息增多。
川典例解析
1寻找主题句确定文章大意
解题指导文章由段落组成,段落的中心思想服务于文章的中心思想,因此
找到每个段落的主题句,总结概括后便不难得出文章的主旨大意。一般情况下,
段落的主题句通常在该逻辑段落的首尾,但也有些难度较大的会隐含在段落之中,
此时要理解全文结构,找到支撑性细节内容。速读文首文尾、段首段尾,搜索主
题线索及信息便可快速找到主题句。以下为找到主题句的5个小窍门:1.段落中
出现表转折的词语(however,but,in fact,.actually,while,on the contrary,in contrast
等)时,其后的句子通常为主题句;2首段出现疑问句时,对该句的回答很可能就
是主题句;3作者有意识地反复强调的观点,通常是主旨:反复出现的词语,
般为体现文章主旨的关键词(主旨句通常包含关键词):4,首段出现具体例子或假设
时,例子或假设后的内容通常为主题句:5.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore,
in short,conclude,.conclusion,thus等词。
例(2021·天津高考3月·C篇)
A trial project by the Montreal Children's Hospital suggested that the use of
medical hypnosis (can reduce pain and anxiety in patients.The project also
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resulted in a reduction in the amount of medicines used to perform medical-imaging
(医学影像)procedures..
"During the examination children don't move.It works perfectly.It's amazing,"
said Johanne L'Ecuyer,a medical-imaging technologist at the hospital.
The project was inspired by a French team from Rouen University Hospital
Centre where examinations are done under hypnosis instead of general anesthesia
醉)
A French medical-imaging technologist-also a hypnotist-was invited to train a
few members in the medical-imaging department of the children's hospital.In all,80
examinations were conducted for the project between January and September,2019,
focusing on the imaging procedures that would cause anxiety.
Hypnosis is not a state of sleep:It is rather a modified state of
consciousness.The technologist will guide the patient to this modified state-an
imaginary world that will disassociate