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第五讲虚拟语气(虚拟条件句和宾语从句中的虚拟语气)
虚拟语气为语法中的难点,主要包括虚拟条件句和宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
近三年高考中虽未直接考查虚拟语气,但掌握好虚拟语气有助于对语篇的理解。
考点1虚拟条件句
川归纳总结
虚拟语气最主要的考点就是虚拟条件句,即在条件状语从句中考查虚拟语气。
应特别关注条件句和主句所对应的动词形式,具体可参考以下表格:
类别
从句谓语动词
主句谓语动词
过去式
should/would/could/might+
与现在事实相反
be用were)
动词原形
should/would/could/might
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
have+过去分词
过去式be用were)
should/would/could/might+
与将来事实相反
should+动词原形
动词原形
were to十动词原形
有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致,这
混合条件句
时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整
有时假设的情况不以条件从句的形式表达,而是用but
含蓄条件句
for,without等介词(短语)表示条件
(I)用连词otherwise,or等暗示后文与前文的情况相
反,从而引出后文的虚拟语气
虚实错综句
(2)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来,模式为“虚拟情况+but
十真实情况”
川重要补充
L.在虚拟条件句中,如果if从句中含有助动词were,had或should时,可将
if省略,并将助动词were,had或should提前,构成部分倒装。
1
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例如:If I were a teacher,.I would be strict with my students.
=Were I a teacher,I would be strict with my students.
如果我是一位老师,我会对学生严格要求。
2.如果条件句中的假设是真实的或者有可能发生的,则用相应的时态,不用
虚拟语气。
川趁热打铁
I单句语法填空
l.(2022·新高考I卷)In fact,Royte writes,“if food waste
(be)a
country,it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world."
答案:were
2.(2021·新高考I卷)If1
(have)to make just one recommendation
for where to stay in Rome,it would be Yellow Hostel.
答案:had
3.(2022·福建省高三诊断性测试)If success were easy,everybody
(be)successful
答案:would be
4.(2022河南省重点高中高三下学期联考)
you,WD wouldn't exist,
so on behalf of all the current and former WD staffers,we offer our sincerest thanks.
答案:Without
5.If he
(take)my advice,he would have succeeded in the exam.
答案:had taken
6.(2022河南省郑州中学高三下学期联考)f1
(see)even a bit of this
beauty while driving along,I could have stopped and taken a look.
答案:had seen
7.(2022广东省高三下学期联考)Without these vital plants,.lots of marine
animals
(have)little protection from the hunters and human activities.
答案:would have
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8.(2022-河南省重点高中高三下学期联考)But if the entire city had a high
chance of providing a tasty cup,it
(be)the personal heaven for coffee