第11讲 必修三Unit4 Grammar-【帮课堂】2022-2023学年高一英语同步精品讲义（译林版2020必修第三册）

第11讲 必修三Unit4 Grammar（原卷版）-【帮课堂】2022-2023学年高一英语同步精品讲义（译林版2020必修第三册） 【目标导航】 本单元语法是动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾语 【知识精讲】 ★ 动词-ed形式是动词的过去分词形式，是动词用着完成时和完成进行时的谓语形式。如： We have studied English for three years. He has joined the Party. Lao Wang had worked in that factory for five years before he moved to Nantong. We have been preparing for the national exam these days. By the time you get to London I will have stayed there for five months. 对比下面的句子： Japan is one of the developed countries in the world. This is the bridge built 100 years ago. Hunted everywhere, the wolf had no place to hide in. When we saw the road blocked with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. 上面四句中的“developed, built 100 years ago, Hunted everywhere, blocked with snow”的动词-ed形式单词、短语都不能作谓语，是我们常讲的动词非谓语形式。从语法功能看，它们作定语和状语及宾语宾语补足语。 ★ 动词-ed形式作定语有以下几种情况： 单个动词-ed形式作定语一般置于被修饰的名词前面。英语中有很多动词-ed形式已经演变成形容词。如：frightened, interested, surprised等。 我们都知道，动词-ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语等常表示主动、进行的含义，而动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语等常表示被动、完成的含义。对比以下短语： the changing world 变化着的世界； the changed world 变化了的世界 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子； fallen leaves 落叶，枯叶 the rising sun 正在升起的太阳； the risen sun 已经升起的太阳 developing countries 发展中国家/不发达国家 developed countries 发达国家 ★ 要注意的是：无论是动词-ing形式还是动词-ed形式，当它们用着非谓语时，也就是作作定语、状语和宾语补足语等时与进行时和完成时是没有关系的。动词-ing形式多样，有一般式(doing)、一般形式的被动式(being done)、完成式(having done)、完成式的被动式(having been done);而动词-ed形式单一，就是done的形式。 很多情况下，动词-ed形式是以短语的形式出现，作定语时置于被修饰的名词后面。 Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally. In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work. To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012. 这个用法常用来改写定语从句，上三句用定语从句就可以这样表达： Most colleges now offer first-year students a course which is specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally. In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message which is hidden within the work. To r