Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 重点单词，词性转换，语法，短语，句型练习-2025-2026学年高一英语译林版必修第三册

Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1．marriage n．结婚，婚姻；已婚状态→ v．结婚 2．intend vi.&vt.想要，计划；意指→ n．打算 3．trial n．试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.&vt.测试，试验→ v．尝试 4．limited adj.有限的→ n．& vt.限制 5．nationality n．国籍；民族→ adj.国家的；民族的→ n．国家；民族 6．beneficial adj.有益的，有用的→ n．益处 vt.对……有益处 7．illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于→ n．图解，图示 8．surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→ adj.周围的→ n．周围的事物 9．indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→ n．表明；暗示 10．intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→ n．才智 11．favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→ adj.赞成的；讨人喜欢的 12．politician n．政治家，从政者；投机钻营者→ n．政治→ adj.政治的 13．electricity n．电，电能→ adj.电的，发电的，电动的 14．scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→ n．科学→ n．科学家 15．moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n．品行，道德；寓意→ adj.不道德的 16．apply vt.&vi.应用；申请；涂；有关→ n．申请；应用→ n．申请人 17． ignorance n．无知→ adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的→ vt.忽视；不理睬 18．freedom n．自由→free adj.自由的；免费的→ adv.自由地 19．permit vt.&vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能→ n．允许，许可 20．responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务→ adj.负责任的 一、单句语法填空 1．About five miles from downtown, the green village is (surround) by green fields and thick forests. 【答案】surrounded 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：距离市中心大约5英里，这个绿色的村庄被绿色的田野和茂密的森林环绕着。主语“the green village”和动词“surround(环绕)”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，其结构为“be+过去分词”，surround的过去分词是surrounded，与空格前的is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填surrounded。 2．The youth should be responsible for their own behaviours and they are to shoulder the of improving our society. (responsible) 【答案】responsibility 【详解】考查名词。句意：年轻人应该对自己的行为负责，他们应该承担起改善我们社会的责任。本空作shoulder的宾语，用名词responsibility“责任”，此处特指改善社会的责任，用单数形式。故填responsibility。 3．The research group produced two reports (base) on the survey. 【答案】based 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该研究小组根据这项调查出具了两份报告。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，base与reports构成被动关系，based on为固定搭配，意为“基于”，所以此处为base的过去分词形式。故填based。 4．The rapid destruction of the rainforest is a direct result of our collective (ignore) about the long-term harm of deforestation. 【答案】ignorance 【详解】考查名词。句意：雨林的迅速破坏是我们对森林砍伐的长期危害的集体无知的直接结果。空格前有形容词性物主代词our修饰，且位于介词of之后，需要名词形式ignorance“无知”，不可数名词。故填ignorance。 5．Eating fresh fruits and vegetables every day is highly (benefit) to our physical and mental health. 【答案】beneficial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：每天吃新鲜的水果和蔬菜对我们的身心健康非常有益。根据句子结构和副词highly可知，此处需要填形容词作表语；固定搭配be beneficial to... 表示“对……有益”，故填beneficial。 6．The doctors did everything they could to ensure the (survive) of the injured driver in the car accident. 【答案】survival 【详解】考查名词。句意：医生们竭尽全力确保了那起车祸中受伤司机的生命安全。作动词的宾语，用名词survival，不可数。故填survival。 7．Mother wants to be a good provider, a role she has been shouldering since her (marry) to Father. 【答案】marriage 【详解】考查名词。句意：母亲想成为一个称职的养家糊口的人，自从嫁给父亲后，她就一直承担着这个角色。分析句子结构可知，形容词性物主代词her后需接名词，marry的名词形式是marriage“婚姻”，为可数名词，her marriage to Father，表示“她和父亲的婚姻/她嫁给父亲这件事”。故填marriage。 8．Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the (wise) to stay positive. 【答案】wisdom 【详解】考查名词。句意：唐山市向中国乃至全世界证明：在遭遇灾难的时刻，人们必须团结一心，展现出守望向阳的智慧。空处作宾语，需填名词wisdom，为不可数名词。故填wisdom。 9．The variety of foods at the restaurant was (limit), so we chose another one. 【答案】limited 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这家餐厅的食物种类有限，所以我们又选了一家。此处作表语，应用形容词，由so we chose another one可知，limited“有限的”符合题意。故填limited。 10．The rescue ship, (buffet) by huge waves,was struggling to approach the coast. 【答案】buffeted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那艘救援船在巨浪的冲击下艰难地向海岸靠近。此处buffet与ship构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填buffeted。 11．Smoking is a (die) habit that can cause serious diseases. 【答案】deadly 【详解】考查形容词。句意：吸烟是一种会引发严重疾病的致命习惯。此处修饰名词habit，应用形容词deadly“致命的”，作定语。故填deadly。 12． (draw) by a sense of mission, she devoted herself to preserving the fragile Buddhist art inside these ancient grottos, a UNESCO World Heritage site, despite the remote and tough environment. 【答案】Drawn 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受使命感的驱使，她致力于保护这些古老洞穴内脆弱的佛教艺术，尽管环境偏远艰苦，但这里是被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产的地方。本句已有谓语动词devoted，且空处没有连词，所以空处为状语，动词draw与其逻辑主语she之间是被动关系（被使命感驱使），且固定短语“be drawn by”表示“被…… 吸引/驱使”，此处省略be动词，直接用过去分词作状语。所以空处需用过去分词drawn作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Drawn。 13．The extra money (bring) in can be of great benefit to these countries. 【答案】brought 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这笔额外带来的资金能给这些国家带来极大的益处。句中can be为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。bring与其逻辑主语The extra money之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式作后置定语，修饰The extra money。故填brought。 14．News reports (write) at different stages of an event could contain different information as new facts are brought to light. 【答案】written 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在事件不同阶段撰写的新闻报道，可能会随着新事实的曝光而包含不同的信息。空处需用非谓语动词修饰News reports，write与News reports之间是被动关系，应用过去分词written，作后置定语。故填written。 15．As the saying goes, it’s no use crying over (spill) milk. 【答案】spilt/spilled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：俗话说，覆水难收。提示词修饰名词milk作定语，spill(使洒出，泼出)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语milk之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，spill的过去分词形式有spilt和spilled两种形式。故填spilt/spilled。 16．This magazine, (found) in 1981, is one of the most successful and popular magazines. 【答案】founded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这本杂志创办于1981年，是最成功和最受欢迎的杂志之一。is为句子谓语，found在句中作定语，与逻辑主语This magazine构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填founded。 17．To solve this environmental problem, we need to adopt a (science) approach based on data and research. 【答案】scientific 【详解】考查形容词。句意：要解决这一环境问题，我们需要采用一种基于数据和研究的科学方法。修饰名词approach用形容词scientific，作定语。故填scientific。 18． (bathe) in the gentle breeze and the soft sounds of nature, she felt completely relaxed. 【答案】Bathed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：沐浴在轻柔的微风和自然的柔和声响中，她感到彻底放松。句子的谓语是felt，空处需用非谓语动词作状语，bathe与逻辑主语she之间是动宾关系，且be bathed in意为“沐浴在……中”为固定搭配，因此应用过去分词形式bathed表被动，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Bathed。 19．A search group was organized to look for the students (trap) in the mountains, frightened but calm. 【答案】trapped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一个搜救小组被组织起来寻找被困在山里的学生们，他们虽然害怕但很镇定。句子谓语动词是was organized，空格处在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语students构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式作后置定语，修饰名词students。故填trapped。 20． Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping (intend) clear. 【答案】intention 【详解】考查名词。句意：书面交流往往显得生硬且枯燥。而使用表情符号则能增添幽默感和情感色彩，同时也能确保表达意图清晰明确。空处应用名词，作宾语；intention为名词，表示“意图、目的”，符合句意，故填intention。 二、单词拼写 21．As a citizen, you have the ________ (责任) to protect our country. 【答案】responsibility 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一名公民，你有责任保护我们的国家。根据汉语提示“责任”及空前的the可知，空处应填名词responsibility，作have的宾语。故填responsibility。 22．_______ (专心致志) in her painting, the artist barely noticed the sun setting outside the window. 【答案】Absorbed/Lost 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：专心致志于绘画，这位艺术家几乎没注意到窗外太阳已经下山了。根据汉语提示“专心致志”可知，此处应用absorbed/lost，be absorbed/lost in… 是固定短语，表示“专心致志于、全神贯注于……”，此处省略be动词，用过去分词短语作原因状语，且句首单词首字母需大写。故填Absorbed/Lost。 23．He’s always been ________ (包围) by people who adore him and support him unconditionally. 【答案】surrounded 【详解】考查动词。句意：他总是被崇拜他、无条件支持他的人包围着。根据汉语提示“包围”及“He’s always been”可知，此处应用过去分词surrounded，一起构成现在完成时的被动语态。故填surrounded。 24．I talked to Susie about it, and she was in _________ (赞同) of going. 【答案】favor/favour 【详解】考查名词。句意：我和苏茜谈过这件事，她赞成去。结合空前的“in”和空后的“of”可知，“赞同”应用名词favor或favour，作宾语，构成固定短语in favor/favour of“支持，赞同”。故填favor/favour。 25．We highly recommend you should register for this course ________ (设计) for the beginners. 【答案】designed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们强烈建议您注册为初学者设计的这门课程。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填非谓语动词design“设计”作后置定语，修饰名词course，且design和course之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填designed。 26．Dr. Tu Youyou, an admirable scientist, ________ (开展) hundreds of experiments before she successfully discovered artemisinin. 【答案】had conducted 【详解】考查时态。句意：屠呦呦博士是一位令人钦佩的科学家，在成功发现青蒿素之前，她进行了数百次实验。“开展”是conduct，由before she successfully discovered，空格处用过去完成时，表示在过去的过去之前完成的事情，故填had conducted。 27．We will never stop until all the ________ (试验) succeed. 【答案】trials 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们不会停止，直到所有的试验都成功。空处作从句主语，名词trial“试验”符合题意，为可数名词，被all修饰应用复数形式。故填trials。 28．The scientist spent 10 years verifying the ______ (理论) he proposed in his early paper, and finally proved it correct through experiments. 【答案】theory 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位科学家花了10年时间来验证他在早期论文中提出的理论，并最终通过实验证明了它的正确性。根据汉语提示“理论”可知，用名词theory，此处特指他在早期论文中提出的理论，用单数形式，作verifying的宾语。故填theory。 29．They wanted to ________ (收费) $5,000 for the car, but we managed to bring the price down. 【答案】charge 【详解】考查动词。句意：这辆车他们想收费5000美元，但我们设法把价格降了下来。根据汉语提示“收费”可知，此处应为动词charge，位于不定式符号to之后，所以此处使用动词原形。故填charge。 30．We must deal with the waste bins____________(泛滥) with plastic cups. 【答案】overflowed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们必须处理那些堆满了塑料杯的垃圾桶。根据汉语提示，表示“泛滥”用overflow；waste bins和overflow之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式overflowed作定语，修饰waste bins。故填overflowed。 三、完成句子 31．我投入到志愿活动中的时间和精力最终得到了回报。 The time and energy I put in voluntary work finally ________ ________. 【答案】 paid off 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。　对比中英文可知空处为得到了回报，应用动词短语pay off，描述过去时的事情，用一般过去时。故填①paid②off。 32．与几代人之前的人相比，我们有更多机会享受生活。 ________ ________ people living only a few generations ago, we have greater opportunities to have a good time. 【答案】 Compared to/with 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。表示“把……与……相比”应用动词短语compare... to/with...，已有谓语动词have，空处需填非谓语动词，we和动词compare为逻辑上的被动关系，需用过去分词作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填①Compared；②to/with。 33．As a proverb goes, where there is a will, there is a way. ____________________. 正如谚语所说，有志者事竟成。我们的努力早晚会得到回报。 【答案】Our efforts will pay off sooner or later 【详解】考查名词、动词短语、固定短语和时态。根据句意以及句子结构可知，“我们的努力”应为名词短语“our efforts”；“得到回报”常用动词短语“pay off”表示，此处主语是 “efforts”，“pay off”用主动形式即可表达被动含义；“早晚”应为固定短语“sooner or later”。句子描述的是将来会发生的情况，用一般将来时，谓语动词为“will pay off”。故填Our efforts will pay off sooner or later。 34．屠呦呦再次查阅历代中医典籍。 Tu ______ ______ the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. 【答案】 referred to 【详解】考查动词短语。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“查阅”。此处可用动词短语refer to“查阅”，在句中作谓语。句子陈述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态。故填①referred②to。 35．Good habits ________ ________ ________ make all the ________. 青年时期养成的好习惯受益终身。 【答案】 formed at youth difference 【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词短语。表示“养成”应用form，此处作后置定语，且form和Good habits为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式；表示“在青年时期”应用at youth；表示“受益终身”应用make all the difference。故填①formed；②at；③youth；④difference。 36．她参加了会议，带着所有的事实和数据来证明我们错了。 She came to the meeting, ________ ________ all the facts and figures to prove us wrong. 【答案】 armed with 【详解】考查动词短语。根据中文提示可知，表示“带着，以...武装”应用be armed with，为固定搭配，且由句意可知，She与arm为被动关系，所以这里应用过去分词作状语。故填armed with。 37．Our school English newspaper is excited to announce the upcoming writing competition, ________________. 我们学校的英文报纸很高兴地宣布即将举行的写作比赛，主题是“手拉手，拯救食物”。 【答案】themed “Hand in Hand, Save the Food” 【详解】考查过去分词。“主题是”使用动词theme，和逻辑主语writing competition是被动关系，用过去分词形式，“Hand in Hand, Save the Food” (“手拉手，拯救食物”)，故填themed “Hand in Hand, Save the Food”。 38．________________, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers. 受到奇妙风景的启发，我决定创作一幅水彩画，描绘公园池塘上的小桥，周围是盛开的花朵。 【答案】Inspired by the fantastic scenery 【详解】考查过去分词、形容词和名词。根据句意，表示“启发”应为inspire，此处为非谓语动词作状语，inspire与逻辑主语I之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词短语作状语，故表示“受到……的启发”应为inspired by，位于句首，inspired的首字母需大写；表示“奇妙风景”应为fantastic scenery，其中fantastic为形容词作定语修饰名词scenery，名词scenery作介词by宾语。故填Inspired by the fantastic scenery。 39．除了公园里的几个孩子，我们一整天都没见到任何人。 We didn’t see anyone all day, __________________ . 【答案】apart from a couple of kids in the park 【详解】考查固定短语。“除了”使用固定短语apart from，“公园里的几个孩子”译为a couple of kids in the park，故填apart from a couple of kids in the park。 40．我们寄的每封信都延误了，这绝非偶然。 _________________ every letter we sent is delayed. 【答案】It is no accident that 【详解】考查主语从句。结合is delayed可知句子使用一般现在时，“绝非偶然”译为It is no accident that，It是形式主语，that引导主语从句，故填It is no accident that。 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For most people, studying wild animals means watching from a distance. But Jane Goodall was different. In 1960, as 41 young woman with no formal degree, she 42 (brave) entered the forests of Gombe, Tanzania, to live alongside chimpanzees. Her approach was simple 43 innovative: patience, respect, and quiet observation. She didn’t just study them; she aimed to understand them 44 individuals. She gave them names like David Greybeard and Fifi, and spent years 45 (gain) their trust. Her groundbreaking discovery 46 chimps use and make tools — changed how science defines humanity. More than just a researcher, Jane saw each chimpanzee as a unique being with personality, 47 (emotion), and strong family bonds. She witnessed their joy, their grief, and their complex social lives. Her work 48 (drive) by a deep love for these creatures and a profound belief in their right to a peaceful life. Jane Goodall’s story 49 (teach) us that true passion and respect can break barriers. She showed the world that to protect life, we must first connect with it heart and mind. Her legacy (遗产) is a powerful reminder 50 (care) for all living things. 【答案】 41．a 42．bravely 43．but 44．as 45．gaining 46．that 47．emotions 48．was driven 49．teaches 50．to care 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了珍妮・古道尔深入丛林研究黑猩猩的经历、她的研究方法与重大发现，以及她对野生动物保护的深远影响。 41．考查冠词。句意：1960年，作为一名没有正式学位的年轻女性，她勇敢地走进坦桑尼亚贡贝的森林，与黑猩猩为伴。此处泛指“一位年轻女性”，且young以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 42．考查副词。句意：1960年，作为一名没有正式学位的年轻女性，她勇敢地走进坦桑尼亚贡贝的森林，与黑猩猩为伴。此处修饰动词entered，应用副词形式bravely，表“勇敢地”，符合语境。故填bravely。 43．考查连词。句意：她的方法简单却极具创新性：耐心、尊重与安静观察。分析句子结构可知，simple与innovative为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。 44．考查介词。句意：她不只是研究它们，还力求把它们当作独立个体去理解。分析句子结构可知，此处表示“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 45．考查非谓语动词。句意：她给它们取名为David Greybeard和Fifi，并花费数年时间赢得它们的信任。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth.，表“花时间做某事”，应用动名词gaining。故填gaining。 46．考查同位语从句。句意：她那项突破性的发现 ——黑猩猩会使用和制造工具—— 改变了科学界对人类的定义。分析句子结构可知，从句解释说明discovery的内容，从句句意完整且不缺成分，应用that引导。故填that。 47．考查名词复数。句意：珍不仅是一位研究者，她把每只黑猩猩都看作拥有个性、情感和紧密家庭纽带的独特生命。emotion ，表“情感”，为可数名词，此处表泛指应用复数形式。故填emotions。 48．考查时态和语态。句意：她的工作源于对这些生物的深切热爱，以及对它们享有和平生活权利的坚定信念。此空考查谓语动词，主语work与drive为被动关系，且事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时被动语态was driven。故填was driven。 49．考查时态。句意：珍妮・古道尔的故事教会我们真正的热爱与尊重能打破壁垒。此空考查谓语动词，主语Jane Goodall’s story与teach为主动关系，其句子表述客观真理，应用一般现在时，主语story为单数，谓语动词用teaches。故填teaches。 50．考查非谓语动词。句意：她的遗产有力提醒我们要关爱所有生物。分析句子结构可知，此处应用不定式作后置定语修饰前面名词reminder。故填to care。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For educators, parents and scholars who have been trying to learn from well-known figures 51 journeys can provide valuable lessons for the next generation, My Views on Education, the latest book by mathematician Shing-Tung Yau, 52 76-year-old professor at Tsinghua University, may meet their needs. It contains a road map for those who seek to redefine learning, and 53 (track) Yau’s path from a humble upbringing in Hong Kong’s rural Yuen Long area to becoming a global leader in mathematics. 54 (publish) by the CITIC Press Group, the book combines his personal journey with reflections on education, and advocates for the cultivation of curiosity, independent thinking, and a deep appreciation for truth and beauty in learning. Yau 55 (celebrate) for solving the Calabi conjecture (猜想) that bothered the mathematics community for many years, and for contributing 56 the positive mass theorem (正质量定理), which is part of general relativity. Chen Wei, chairman of the CITIC Press Group, speaks highly of the book, calling it “a response to the 57 (urge) need for educational reform that combines rational analysis with literary 58 (warm) to fill a gap in foundational education”. He believes mathematics goes beyond calculations and that it’s a lens for logical thinking. “Its real significance lies in training the mind to solve problems 59 (systematic)—a skill applicable everywhere,” he says, adding that he believes China can nurture the creativity of its top students 60 (compete) globally in science. 【答案】 51．whose 52．a 53．tracks 54．Published 55．is celebrated 56．to 57．urgent 58．warmth 59．systematically 60．to compete 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国现代数学家丘成桐所著《我的教育观》及其教育理念。 51．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：对于一众教育工作者、家长和学者而言，他们一直试图从知名人物身上汲取经验——这些人的人生历程能为下一代带来极具价值的启示，而数学家丘成桐的新作《我的教育观》或许正能契合他们的需求。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词figure，在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 52．考查冠词。句意：同上。professor为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且 76-year-old 发音以辅音音素开头，需要用不定冠词a。故填a。 53．考查时态及主谓一致。句意：这位现年76岁、清华大学教授的著作中包含了那些想要重新定义学习方式的人的行动指南，并讲述了他从香港农村元朗地区卑微的出身一路成长为全球数学领域的领军人物的历程。该空所给动词track在句中与前面contains并列作谓语，句子叙述的是客观事实应使用用一般现在时，主语是单数第三人称，应使用单数形式。故填tracks。 54．考查非谓语动词。句意：该书由中信出版集团出版，它将丘成桐的个人经历与对教育的思考相结合，倡导培养好奇心、独立思考以及在学习中对真理和美的深刻欣赏。动词publish在句中作状语，与主语the book存在逻辑上的动宾关系，书被出版应使用过去分词形式。注意句首字母大写。故填Published。 55．考查时态语态及主谓一致。句意：丘成桐因解决了困扰数学界多年的问题——卡拉比猜想，以及为广义相对论中的“正质量定理”做出贡献而闻名。动词celebrate在句中作谓语，表示赞扬或歌颂，与主语Yau存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用被动语态；句子叙述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态；主语是单数名词，助动词应使用单数形式。故填is celebrated。 56．考查介词。句意：同上。固定短语contribute to表示“对……做出贡献”，符合语境。故填to。 57．考查形容词。句意：中信出版集团董事长陈炜对这本书评价颇高，称其“回应了教育改革的迫切需求，将理性分析与文字温情相融，填补了基础教育领域的一处空白”。修饰名词need，需填形容词urgent，作定语。故填urgent。 58．考查名词。句意：同上。该空需要一个名词作宾语，提示词warm为形容词，其名词形式为warmth。故填warmth。 59．考查副词。句意：“其真正的重要性在于训练思维，使其能够系统地解决问题——这种技能在任何领域都适用，”他说道，并补充说他相信中国能够培养出顶尖学生的创造力，从而在全球科学领域展开竞争。修饰动词solve，需用副词systematically，作状语。故填systematically。 60．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。空处作目的状语，应使用动词不定式形式。故填to compete。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1．marriage n．结婚，婚姻；已婚状态→marry v．结婚 2．intend vi.&vt.想要，计划；意指→intention n．打算 3．trial n．试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.&vt.测试，试验→try v．尝试 4．limited adj.有限的→limit n．& vt.限制 5．nationality n．国籍；民族→national adj.国家的；民族的→nation n．国家；民族 6．beneficial adj.有益的，有用的→benefit n．益处 vt.对……有益处 7．illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于→illustration n．图解，图示 8．surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．周围的事物 9．indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→indication n．表明；暗示 10．intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．才智 11．favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→favorable adj.赞成的；讨人喜欢的 12．politician n．政治家，从政者；投机钻营者→politics n．政治→political adj.政治的 13．electricity n．电，电能→electric adj.电的，发电的，电动的 14．scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家 15．moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n．品行，道德；寓意→immoral adj.不道德的 16．apply vt.&vi.应用；申请；涂；有关→application n．申请；应用→applicant n．申请人 17．ignorance n．无知→ignorant adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的→ignore vt.忽视；不理睬 18．freedom n．自由→free adj.自由的；免费的→freely adv.自由地 19．permit vt.&vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能→permission n．允许，许可 20．responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务→responsible adj.负责任的 一、单句语法填空 1．About five miles from downtown, the green village is (surround) by green fields and thick forests. 2．The youth should be responsible for their own behaviours and they are to shoulder the of improving our society. (responsible) 3．The research group produced two reports (base) on the survey. 4．The rapid destruction of the rainforest is a direct result of our collective (ignore) about the long-term harm of deforestation. 5．Eating fresh fruits and vegetables every day is highly (benefit) to our physical and mental health. 6．The doctors did everything they could to ensure the (survive) of the injured driver in the car accident. 7．Mother wants to be a good provider, a role she has been shouldering since her (marry) to Father. 8．Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the (wise) to stay positive. 9．The variety of foods at the restaurant was (limit), so we chose another one. 10．The rescue ship, (buffet) by huge waves,was struggling to approach the coast. 11．Smoking is a (die) habit that can cause serious diseases. 12． (draw) by a sense of mission, she devoted herself to preserving the fragile Buddhist art inside these ancient grottos, a UNESCO World Heritage site, despite the remote and tough environment. 13．The extra money (bring) in can be of great benefit to these countries. 14．News reports (write) at different stages of an event could contain different information as new facts are brought to light. 15．As the saying goes, it’s no use crying over (spill) milk. 16．This magazine, (found) in 1981, is one of the most successful and popular magazines. 17．To solve this environmental problem, we need to adopt a (science) approach based on data and research. 18． (bathe) in the gentle breeze and the soft sounds of nature, she felt completely relaxed. 19．A search group was organized to look for the students (trap) in the mountains, frightened but calm. 20． Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping (intend) clear. 二、单词拼写 21．As a citizen, you have the ________ (责任) to protect our country. 22．_______ (专心致志) in her painting, the artist barely noticed the sun setting outside the window. 23．He’s always been ________ (包围) by people who adore him and support him unconditionally. 24．I talked to Susie about it, and she was in _________ (赞同) of going. 25．We highly recommend you should register for this course ________ (设计) for the beginners. 26．Dr. Tu Youyou, an admirable scientist, ________ (开展) hundreds of experiments before she successfully discovered artemisinin. 27．We will never stop until all the ________ (试验) succeed. 28．The scientist spent 10 years verifying the ______ (理论) he proposed in his early paper, and finally proved it correct through experiments. 29．They wanted to ________ (收费) $5,000 for the car, but we managed to bring the price down. 30．We must deal with the waste bins____________(泛滥) with plastic cups. 三、完成句子 31．我投入到志愿活动中的时间和精力最终得到了回报。 The time and energy I put in voluntary work finally ________ ________. 32．与几代人之前的人相比，我们有更多机会享受生活。 ________ ________ people living only a few generations ago, we have greater opportunities to have a good time. 33．As a proverb goes, where there is a will, there is a way. ____________________. 正如谚语所说，有志者事竟成。我们的努力早晚会得到回报。 34．屠呦呦再次查阅历代中医典籍。 Tu ______ ______ the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. 35．Good habits ________ ________ ________ make all the ________. 青年时期养成的好习惯受益终身。 36．她参加了会议，带着所有的事实和数据来证明我们错了。 She came to the meeting, ________ ________ all the facts and figures to prove us wrong. 37．Our school English newspaper is excited to announce the upcoming writing competition, ________________. 我们学校的英文报纸很高兴地宣布即将举行的写作比赛，主题是“手拉手，拯救食物”。 38．________________, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers. 受到奇妙风景的启发，我决定创作一幅水彩画，描绘公园池塘上的小桥，周围是盛开的花朵。 39．除了公园里的几个孩子，我们一整天都没见到任何人。 We didn’t see anyone all day, __________________ . 40．我们寄的每封信都延误了，这绝非偶然。 _________________ every letter we sent is delayed. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For most people, studying wild animals means watching from a distance. But Jane Goodall was different. In 1960, as 41 young woman with no formal degree, she 42 (brave) entered the forests of Gombe, Tanzania, to live alongside chimpanzees. Her approach was simple 43 innovative: patience, respect, and quiet observation. She didn’t just study them; she aimed to understand them 44 individuals. She gave them names like David Greybeard and Fifi, and spent years 45 (gain) their trust. Her groundbreaking discovery 46 chimps use and make tools — changed how science defines humanity. More than just a researcher, Jane saw each chimpanzee as a unique being with personality, 47 (emotion), and strong family bonds. She witnessed their joy, their grief, and their complex social lives. Her work 48 (drive) by a deep love for these creatures and a profound belief in their right to a peaceful life. Jane Goodall’s story 49 (teach) us that true passion and respect can break barriers. She showed the world that to protect life, we must first connect with it heart and mind. Her legacy (遗产) is a powerful reminder 50 (care) for all living things. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For educators, parents and scholars who have been trying to learn from well-known figures 51 journeys can provide valuable lessons for the next generation, My Views on Education, the latest book by mathematician Shing-Tung Yau, 52 76-year-old professor at Tsinghua University, may meet their needs. It contains a road map for those who seek to redefine learning, and 53 (track) Yau’s path from a humble upbringing in Hong Kong’s rural Yuen Long area to becoming a global leader in mathematics. 54 (publish) by the CITIC Press Group, the book combines his personal journey with reflections on education, and advocates for the cultivation of curiosity, independent thinking, and a deep appreciation for truth and beauty in learning. Yau 55 (celebrate) for solving the Calabi conjecture (猜想) that bothered the mathematics community for many years, and for contributing 56 the positive mass theorem (正质量定理), which is part of general relativity. Chen Wei, chairman of the CITIC Press Group, speaks highly of the book, calling it “a response to the 57 (urge) need for educational reform that combines rational analysis with literary 58 (warm) to fill a gap in foundational education”. He believes mathematics goes beyond calculations and that it’s a lens for logical thinking. “Its real significance lies in training the mind to solve problems 59 (systematic)—a skill applicable everywhere,” he says, adding that he believes China can nurture the creativity of its top students 60 (compete) globally in science. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $