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语法专题八、情态动词(常考)
考点精讲
情态动词表示讲话人的态度、请求、许可、愿望、可能等。本身具有一定的意义,但不能独立作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,且后面必须跟动词原形。常考的情态动词有:can/could(能够,可以),may/might(可能,可以), must(必须,一定), should(应该), need(必要), have to(不得不) 等。Need用作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句,need还可作实意动词,常用结构need to do sth.
考点1.情态动词+动原
· He can play the violin. 他会拉小提琴。
· It might snow tomorrow. 明天可能下雪。
· We should respect everyone. 我们应该尊重每一个人。
考点2.常考的一般疑问句的回答
—Can you swim?
—Yes, I can. /
No, I can’t.
—May I smoke here?
—Yes, you may/can. /Sure. / Certainly. / Of course. /
No, you mustn't / can’t.
—Must we finish the work at once?
—Yes, you must. /
No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to.
(must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答是常考点)
考点3.must必须(强调主观看法)mustn’t表示禁止,不允许
· You must study harder this term. 你们这学期必须更加努力学习。(说话者的个人看法)
· You mustn’t swim in the river. 你们千万不能去河里游泳。(这条河禁止游泳)
考点4.情态动词表推测
表推测:由强到弱
肯定:must 准是,一定 can 可能 could(可能) may (或许) might(大概)
否定:can’t 不可能 may/ might not 或许不能
can 和 could 表示推测,can 表示推测时,往往用于否定句和疑问句。用于疑问句时,can 比 could 表示的“可能性”要大;用于否定句时,cannot(can't)表示“不可能”。could 则可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
情态动词表推测常考的三点:
1. 十分肯定的推测,肯定句,用must.(一定是)
· This book must be Tom’s. There’s his name.
这本书一定是汤姆的,有他名字。
2. 断然否定的推测,否定句,用can’t(一定不是)
—Listen, there is somebody knocking on the door? Is it Ms Gao?
听,有人敲门?是高老师吗?
—No, it can’t be Ms Gao. I just saw her running on the playground.
不,不可能是高老师。我刚才看见她在操场是跑步呢。
3.不太确定,没把握,肯定句,用may/might(可能)
— Listen, who is knocking on the door? 听,谁在敲门?
· It might be Ms Zhao. I’m not sure.可能是赵老师。我不确定。
1. (2014·江苏省扬州市·历年真题)-Excuse me,may I keep the book a little longer?
-Sorry.You ________ return it today.
A. must B. mustn't C. can D. can't
2. (2014·天津市·历年真题)Look at the "No parking" sign. You ______ park your car here.
A. should B. must C. needn't D. mustn't
3. (2022·天津市·历年真题)—____ I finish the writing now?
—No,you______.You can give it to me next Monday.
A. Must;mustn't B. Must;needn't C. May;shouldn't D. Need;can't
4. (2022·全国·历年真题)—Is that man Mr. Green?
—It ______ be him. He has gone to Paris on business.
A. can B. must C. can't D. mustn't
5.