Unit 1 Grammar and usage 句子成分课件-2022-2023学年高一上学期英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册

Unit 1 Back to school (3) Grammar and usage explore the rules of sentence elements and sentence structures. apply the rules by doing some exercises. In today’s class, we shall: Lead-in Miss Yan, to, was, excited to, the opportunity, give, be given, really, a speech. Miss Yan was really excited to be given the opportunity to give a speech. 连词成句 A Exploring the rules 主语 定语 宾语 补语 谓语 状语 表语 同位语 句子成分 Do you know what sentence elements are? 1. 主语（S）表示句子表述的是“谁”或“什么”，通常由名词、代词或与其相当的结构充当。如： The path before you leads to a world full of challenges. (名词) You must make efforts to improve your communication skills. (代词) Learning English opens the door to a colourful world. (动词-ing形式) What we choose decides what we are. (名词性从句) 2. 谓语（V）说明主语的动作或特征和状态，由动词组成。由一个动词构成的是简单谓语，由两个或更多部分构成的是复合谓语。如： Amy has a gift for music. (简单谓语) The class size is small in the UK. (简单谓语) You will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual. (复合谓语) Some animals can understand human feelings. (复合谓语) 句子成分 3. 宾语（O）表示动词动作的对象，或在介词后面与介词构成介词短语。 宾语通常由名词、代词或与其相当的结构充当。如： My mum teaches English in a middle school. (名词) We all respect him. (代词) I will support whatever choice you make. (名词性从句) 有时动词后面会接两个宾语，表示人的宾语通常被称为间接宾语（indirect object）,而表示物的宾语则被称为直接宾语（direct object).如： I can’t wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like. 4. 表语（P）说明主语的特征、身份、状态等，位于系动词（be, look, go, turn, become等）后，通常由名词、代词、形容词或与其相当的结构充当。如： Today is the start of a new term. (名词) The only person I care about is you. (代词) The possibilities are endless. (形容词) You are what you eat. (名词性从句) 5. 定语（Attr.）修饰名词或代词，表示其性质和特征，通常由形容词或 与其相当的结构充当。如： We heard an impressive speech last week. (形容词) There is a swimming pool in our school. (动词-ing形式表示用途) Don’t wake up the sleeping child. (动词-ing形式表示状态) 定语有时还会置于名词或代词之后。如： You will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge. (动词不定式) Potential is your natural ability that can be developed when you try hard enough. (定语从句) 6. 状语（A）修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示方式、程度、语气等，通常由副