03 主旨大意题---2023年高考英语二轮复习专项突破（全国通用）

第三 主旨大意题 专家说考情 高考新考法 学霸好声音 高考全国卷常考： 1.标题归纳题； 2.文章大意题； 3.段落大意题； 其中标题归纳题难度最大，是每套高考全国卷必考题型。 1.2022年全国甲卷考查一道标题归纳题、一道文章大意题和一道段落大意题； 2.2022年全国乙卷考查一道标题归纳题； 3.2022年新高考全国卷Ⅰ考查一道段落大意题，2022年新高考全国卷Ⅱ考查一道标题归纳题。 1.判断主旨大意一定要根据文章的关键词(句)，从积极或中立的角度考虑； 2.段落大意题正确选项关键词应概括全段信息关键词； 3.概括全文大意要关注文章体裁及组织结构，关注首尾段，厘清文章中心。 命题探究——研试题明考向 [明命题方式] 1．The best title of the passage is ________． 2．Which of the following is the best title for the text? 3．The passage is mainly about ________． 4．What is the passage mainly about? 5．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? 6．What is the first/second/...paragraph mainly about? [晓解题捷径] 1．首先找出文章的主题句，然后根据文章主题句确定文章大意，可以通过文章的末段进行验证； 2．如果没有主题句，可以寻找全文重复性强的关键词或者贯穿全文的指引词汇。 [辨选项特征] 1．正确选项特征 (1)涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段； (2)确定的范围恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小； (3)精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩； (4)含有文章关键词或者有象征意义的事物。 2．干扰选项特征 以偏概全 只阐述了局部信息或主旨的一部分 主题过大 归纳概括过于宽泛，超出了文章要讨论的范围 断章取义 以次要的事实、细节替代全文的主要观点 无中生有 与文章内容毫不相干或与文章内容相悖 名师指要——微技法巧图解 高考热考法1　标题归纳题——文章主线定标题 [经典感悟] 【例1】 (2022·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel. Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply. That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted (分心) driving was “only increasing, unfortunately.” “Big change requires big ideas，” he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving. An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called