Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Using language-Grammar（Word教参）-【优化指导】2022-2023学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Using language—Grammar 复习定语从句 [对应学生用书P100] [观察] 1．She couldn't，however，hide the line of sweat running down her forehead，which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio，but ... 2．The place where this happens is a valley，a world away from any television studio. 3．Zhang never thought that this was something she would end up doing. 4．This is a place where roses grow wild. 5．Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses，which surprised many people. 6．As someone who grew up in the country，Zhang already knew about growing plants. 7．However，like any entrepreneur who was just starting out，she still had a lot to learn. 8．The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me，which was totally outside my experience. 9．Seeing her peers who also dream of success and independence，Zhang has mixed feelings. 10．You should know your own limits and those of the people you work with. 11．For young people who have little life experience，that can be a challenge. [归纳] 1．以上例句中1、5、6、7、8、9、11为关系代词引导的定语从句，且关系代词在从句中作主语；2、4为关系副词引导的定语从句，关系副词在从句中作状语。 2．例句3、10中定语从句的先行词分别为something和people，在定语从句中充当宾语，省略了关系词。 3．句1、5、8为非限制性定语从句，关系代词只能用which，不能用that，指代前面整个主句的内容。 [对应学生用书P101] 担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又被称为形容词性从句。 二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者完全失去意义；非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚、完整，这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，先行词与定语从句往往由逗号隔开。 He gave me a fountain pen which/that I kept to today. 他给了我一支钢笔，我一直保存到今天。 The time when I first met Mr White was a very difficult period of my life. 第一次见到怀特先生的时候，我正处于一生中非常艰难的时期。 This note was left by Tom，who was here a moment ago. 这张纸条是汤姆留下的，他刚才还在这里。 Beijing，which is the capital of China，is a very beautiful city. 中国的首都北京是一座非常美丽的城市。 引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词两类。关系词在定语从句中起连接作用，同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语成分。 关系代词 先行词 关系代词在从句中充 当的成分 who 指人 主语、宾语 whom 指人 宾语 whose 指人或物 定语 that 指人或物 主语、宾语、表语 which 指物或整 个主句 主语、宾语 as 指人或 物或整 个主句 主语、宾语、表语 The little problems that we meet