《决战高考》新高考英语一轮复习题型精选精讲 第二讲议论文及模拟卷

第二讲应用文议论文阅读理解 一）、应用文 应用文是高考阅读理解命题常见的一种体裁，近几年全国卷和各地高考试题均有涉及，如2017年全国卷和地方卷七套试题中有6套试题都考查了应用文阅读理解。 应用文一般分为两类：一类是叙述性应用文，例如书信、日记等（近两年高考试题较少涉及，只有2016年北京卷A篇涉及感谢信）；另一类是说明性应用文，包括各种广告、产品说明、旅游指南、报刊书信、公共通告和备忘录等，而近两年高考试题中的阅读理解均侧重考查后一类，如2017年全国卷3套试题分别是“旅游指南”、“戏剧演出信息”、“旅游路线”；北京卷考查“杂志征订广告”；天津卷是关于“发送电子邮件时的四种错误及应对建议”；江苏卷为“一本历史书的相关信息及推荐”。 应用文一般条理清晰，结构紧凑，重点突出，几乎每一篇都有一个大标题，大标题下往往有几个小标题，表明文章主题以及每一部分的内容。如2017年全国I卷A篇，该篇的大标题是“Pacific Science Center Guide”，下面的小标题分别是“◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store；◆Hungry；◆Rental Information；◆Support Pacific Science Center”。 应用文设题多以细节理解为主，兼有推断短文出处、写作意图和主旨大意题。一般按照文章段落的顺序依次设置，题目精炼醒目，难度一般中等偏易。 应用文经常出现以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，这很可能是文章的重点或某一部分内容的概括，考生阅读文章时，一定要重点注意这些信息，它们往往是试题的考查内容所在。 经典例题： Campeche is a city with a tumultuous history. Originally this area was settled by the Mayans. The first Spanish colonizers arrived in 1517 and established Campeche as the main port in the region. Unsurprisingly, this made Campeche an attractive target for pirates who first arrived in the late 16 century. For the next 200 years, Campeche was frequently attacked. Nevertheless, it is a delightful city and filled with interesting things to do. Explore the old city of Campeche There are a lot of beautiful restored old towns in Mexico, but Campeche is one of the nicest, cleanest and most elegant. The Campeche neighborhood is lovely and colorful, with neat sidewalks and smoothly laid out roads! Wander along the Campeche Malecon One of the nicest things about Campeche is its waterfront setting. The best way to enjoy that? Wandering along the malecon, or the walkway along the waterfront, just before sunset. This is the time when it cools down and everyone comes out to see things and to be seen. You'll see couples posing for photographers, joggers, cyclists, elderly people having conversations and groups of teenagers giggling. Stop for a Bite at Calle 59 Calle 59 is a pedestrian-only street filled with outdoor tables from the surrounding restaurants. You can cat here at night, but