内容正文:
第19章 被动语态
英语的谓语动词有两种语态,一种是主动语态,另一种是被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执。行者,而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。当句子的主语和谓语动词之间为被动关系时,谓语动词要用被动语态。被动语态与主动语态一样,也有一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时、现在进行时等各种时态。
一、被动语态的基本结构
1.被动语态的肯定式结构。
被动语态的肯定式的基本结构是:主语+be动词+动词过去分词(+by),其中 be 动词需要根据人称、时态等不同情况而做相应的变化,比如说,一般现在时用is,am,are;过去时用was或were;将来时用will be.此外,含有情态动词的被动语态,其构成是在be动词之前加情态动词。如:
The book is written by him.这本书是他写的。
These two bridges were built 100 years ago.这两座桥是100年前建造的。
It can be finished within two hours.这项工作两个小时内能完成。
2.被动语态的否定式结构。
被动语态的否定式是在be动词后面加not,但含有情态动词的被动语态的否定式是在情态动词之后加not,将来时的被动语态是在will之后加not.如:
The gift was not given by her mother.这个礼物不是她妈妈给的。
This book should not be taken out of the library.这本书不该被带出图书馆。
The building will be finished next month.这栋大楼下个月将完工。
二、需要使用被动语态的两种情况
1.用于不知道或没有必要说出动作的执行者是谁的情况下。如:
The bridge was built last year,这座桥是去年建造的。
My wallet has been stolen,我的钱包被偷了。
2. 用于强调句子的重点是动作的承受者而不是动作的发出者。如:Ten thousand dollars was spent in only one hour. 一万美元仅在一小时内就花完了。Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的。
练习题
一、单项选择。
( )1.Good books ______________ again and again.
A.should be readed B.should be read
C.must read D.may read
( )2.The children ____________ by the teachers.
A.were looked B.looked after C.were looked after D.looked
( ) 3.He ____________some money, but he ____________ it.
A.gave; didn't accept B.was given;wasn't accepted
C.give;wasn't accepted D.was given;didn't accept
( ) 4.When ____________ the accident(事故) ____________ ?
A.was;happen B.did;happen
C.is;happen D.was;happened
( ) 5.The advice ____________ by the leaders in a short time.
A.is going to discuss B.will discuss
C.is going to be discussed D.has been discussed
( ) 6.The sports center ____________ about ten years ago.
A.was builded B.was built C.builds D.has been built
( ) 7.A lot o