第三章 句法-【荣恒专项】2026年小学英语满分解题技巧

第三章 句法 第1讲 陈述句 知识导航 陈述句包括肯定句和否定句两种，其语序一般为“主语部分+谓语部分”。 1.陈述句的肯定形式：I have two brothers..我有两个弟弟。（正常语序） 2.陈述句的否定形式 (1)如果句子的谓语为助动词be(am,is,are,was,were)、have、will或shall、情 态动词(can,could,might,must,need,may,should)等，其否定形式是在这 些助动词之后加not。 He can't speak English or French.他不会说英语或法语。 注：肯定句中的some(一些)，在改成否定句时，要把some改成any。 （2)如果句子的谓语是实义动词，在谓语动词前加don't,doesn't,didn't。 We don't go to school at weekends..我们周末不上学。 典例透析 例1改错。 )I am free yesterday,but today I'm busy. A B C ☆满分技巧：前半句时间状语是yesterday,时态应为一般过去时，那么系动词应 用am的过去式was。 答案：Awas 例2将下面的肯定句改成否定句。 She can sing and dance. ☆满分技巧：该句中有情态动词can,所以改否定句时在can后面加not,或简写成 can't。但要注意的是，并列连词and在改否定句时要改成or。 答案：She can't sing or dance. 72 第三章 句法榨 例3将下面的肯定句改成否定句。 I have something important for you. ☆满分技巧：该句有两种改法，一是将have改成haven't,something相应的改成 anything;二是直接将something改成nothing。 答案：Ihaven't anything important for you.或I have nothing important for you. 实战演练 一、改写下列句子，并保持句子的意思不变，每空一词。 1.We haven't any lessons at weekends.>We have lessons at weekends. 2.I haven't anything important to tell you.>I have important to tell you. 3.We can't live without water or air.>We can't live if there is water or air. 4.He seldom smokes.←→He smoke. 5.None of us know him.> knows him. 二、按要求改写句子。 (一)将下列肯定句改成否定句。 1.There are some birds flying in the sky. 2.We do morning exercises every day. 3.I was in the gym yesterday afternoon. (二)将下列否定句改成肯定句。 1.My English is not good enough. 2.Mingming's parents will not find a music teacher for him. 3.My sister didn't become an office girl last year. ●73 英语 满分解题技巧 (三)连词成句。 1.went,last,I,half,to,at,school,past,week,seven(.) 2.Sundays,she,gets,early,on,never,up(.) 3.received,yesterday,Mary,letter,a,from,friend,her(.) 4.talked,in,lesson,we,each,yesterday's,to,English,other,in(.) 5.read,yesterday,newspaper,I,a,evening(.) 三、将下列句子翻译成英文。 1.John将不去公园了。 2.你不能把报纸带出图书馆。 3.我的弟弟英语不好。 4.我包里有两支钢笔和三瓶水。 5.因特网能帮助你学习。 自我评价 请查阅参考答案。 你答对了 题；答错了 题。请你给自己对本讲内容的掌握情况打星： ☆☆☆☆☆。 74 第三章句法 第2讲) 疑问句 知识导航 1.一般疑问句 (1)一般疑问句的用法 能用yes,o来回答的疑问句叫一般疑问句，句末一般读升调。一般疑问句的构成为： 情态动词/系动词(be)/助动词(do/have)+主语+谓语动词剩余部分+其他？ (2)将陈述句改为一般疑问句的方法 ①陈述句中有be动词、助动词wl或情态动词的时候，直接将这些单词提前，放句首， 其余内容照抄不变，句末加上问号。 ②当陈述句中没有be动词、助动词wil或情态动词时，要借助助动词do,does或 dd,将它们放在句首引出问句，句中的实义动词变为原形。 (3)一般疑问句的回答 肯定回答是：Ys,主语（一般用人称代词）+助动词 否定回答是：No,主语+助动词+not（助动词+not可用缩写形式). 2.特殊疑问句 就句中某一部分进行提问的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词引导， 常用的有what,who,whom,whose,where,when,why,how,how often,how much,how many,how soon,how far等。特殊疑问句句末一般用降调。 (1)普通特殊疑问句：由一般疑问词引导，主要用来询问信息。 When shall we start?:我们什么时候动身？ (2)用固定短语how about/what about/how come等构成特殊疑问句。 How about going out for a walk?出去散散步如何？ 3.选择疑问句 （1)一般疑问句 一般疑问句的结构：一般疑问句+or+选项：例如： ①一Do you go to work by bus or by subway?你坐公交车还是坐地铁去上班？ 一By bus.坐公交车。 ●75 英语 满分解题技巧 ②一Can you play the guitar or not?你会不会弹吉他？ 一I can play the guitar.我会弹。 (2)特殊选择疑问句 特殊选择疑问句的结构：特殊疑问句+两个或两个以上的选项（选项之间用o 连接).例如：一Which do you prefer,,cold drinks or hot?:你更喜欢冷饮还是热饮？ Cold drinks..冷饮。 典例透析 例1用所给单词的正确形式补全句子。 do)you wash your clothes last night? ☆满分技巧：本句中“last night'”是过去时间状语，据此可判断出本题时态是一般过去时。 助动词应用过去式，do的过去式是did。 答案：Did 例2单项选择。 plates do you want?-Two. A.How much B.How many C.Which D.How soon ☆满分技巧：由答句可知，问句不是一般疑问句，应是问数量的特殊疑问句。how much和how many都可用来询问数量，但how much后接不可数名词，how many后接可数 名词复数形式，而plates是可数名词复数形式。 答案：B 例3对下列句子的画线部分进行提问。 I like the blue hat. ☆满分技巧：虽然blue表示颜色，但它在句中的成分是作hat的定语，应该用which 来提问，表示“你喜欢哪一顶帽子？”而不是针对blue用what colour提问。 答案：Which hat do you like? 例4单项选择。 （）Which girl is your sister,.the tall one the short one? A.but B.and C.or 76 第三章句法 ☆满分技巧：从句子可看出，这是个选择疑问句，选择疑问句中连接两个可选择的部 分用or。 答案：C 实战演练 一、用do,does,be的适当形式填空。 1.- she know all the answers?-Yes,she./No,she. 2.-you have a new teacher?-Yes,I _./No,I 3. she a teacher?-Yes,she ./No,she 4. you playing ball now?-Yes,I./No,I 5. the pig like to sleep?-Yes,it.No,it 二、单项选择。 ()1.-Who 90 yuan now?-I do. A.have B.does have C.has ()2.-Do you have a pencil sharpener,Jim?- A.Yes,I don't. B.No,I do. C.Yes,I do. ()3.-Are they his parents? 一 They are his uncle and aunt. A.No,they aren't. B.No,these aren't. C.Yes,they are. ()4.-How is your grandmother,Kim?- A.Here you are. B.She is OK. C.I'm fine. ()5.—Is this a key? A.No,this isn't. B.Yes,it isn't. C.No,it isn't. 三、将下列句子改成一般疑问句，并按要求作出回答。 1.It's sunny and hot. 肯定回答： 2.My brother and sister like the purple bike. 77 英语 满分解题技巧 否定回答： 3.There is a library in our school. 肯定回答： 4.Jim has got three blue balloons. 否定回答： 5.I was in the classroom at 8:00 this morning. 否定回答： 四、汉译英。 1.你最喜欢哪个城市，上海、广州还是北京？ 2.你姐姐是医生还是教师？ 3.你通常是在12点吃午饭吗？ 4.这是谁的猫，他的还是她的？ 5.你对什么感兴趣，听音乐还是看书？ 自我评价 请查阅参考答案。 你答对了 题；答错了 题。请你给自己对本讲内容的掌握情况打星： ☆☆☆☆☆。 78 第三章句法 第3讲 感叹句 知识导航 1.What引导的感叹句 主要修饰名词，根据名词的可数、不可数以及单复数的形式，what感叹句可分为两种情况： (1)What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！例如： What a lovely dog it is!多可爱的一只小狗啊！ (2)What+形容词+不可数名词或可数名词的复数+主语+谓语！例如： What beautiful flowers they are!多漂亮的花啊！ 2.How引导的感叹句 主要修饰形容词或副词，其结构是：How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！ 例如：How fast he runs!.他跑得多快啊！ 注意：What和How引导的感叹句，句末的“主语+谓语”有时在口语中是可以被省略的。 例如：What a nice school!多么好的学校啊！ 典例透析 例1单项选择。 () a nice garden it is! A.What B.How C.What is ☆满分技巧：本题考查感叹句。感叹句由what引导，主语、谓语在最后，据此可先 排除C项。“a nice garden”是名词短语，其前用what修饰。 答案：A 例2句型转换。 He is a tall boy..（改为感叹句) ☆满分技巧：本句中有一个名词短语，改为感叹句时，以what开头。名词短语紧跟其后， 再把主谓语heis放在最后，最后将“”改为“！”。 答案：What a tall boy he is! 79 4 英语 满分解题技巧 心实战演练 一、单项选择。 ()1. delicious the dish is! A.What B.How C.What a ()2. strange clothes he is wearing! A.What a B.What C.How a ()3. interesting subject it is! A.What B.How C.What an ()4 foggy it was yesterday! A.What B.What a C.How ()5. careless a boy you are! A.How B.What a C.What 二、用what或how填空。 1. a beautiful flower! 2. wonderful the trees are! 3. a funny monkey！ 4. interesting the film is! fast he can walk! 三、将下列句子变成感叹句。 1.It is quite a nice present. nice present (it is)! 2.We have fine weather today. weather we have today！ 3.It's sunny today.→ sunny day it is today! 4.The children are working hard. the children are working! 5.She played basketball wonderfully. she played basketball! 自我评价 请查阅参考答案。 你答对了 题；答错了 题。请你给自己对本讲内容的掌握情况打星： ☆☆☆☆☆。 80 第三章句法 第4讲 祈使句 心知识导航 1.祈使句肯定式 (1)动词原形（+宾语)+其他成分（简称为do型). Please write down your name..请写下你的名字。 (2)Be动词+表语（名词或形容词)+其他成分（简称为be型）. Be a good boy!要做一个好孩子！ (3)Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分（简称为let型）， Let us go to the garden.让我们去花园。（let us可缩写成let's) 2.祈使句的否定式 (1)do型句首加don't构成 肯定：Close the door,please.请关门e 否定：Don't close the door,please..请不要关门。 (2)be型也是在句首加don't,例如：Don't be late for school!上学不要迟到！ (3)let型的否定式有两种 ①Don't+let+第三人称宾语+动词原形+其他成分.例如：Don't let her go out.不要 让她出去。 ②Let+第一人称宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分.例如：Let's not go out..不要让她 出去。 心典例透析 例1用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 Tom, do)the homework now. ☆满分技巧：该题句首Tom后面有个逗号，说明是在对Tom说话，后面的说话内容 是一个祈使句，应该用动词原形开头，填do,意思是“Tom,现在做作业吧。”但是有的 学生会忽略逗号，误认为是现在进行时的句子，填成is doingo 答案：do 例2将下列祈使句改成否定句。 Let's fly kites now. ●81 4 语 满分解题技巧 ☆满分技巧：第一人称祈使句的否定结构，在动词原形前面加not,句型为Let me/us not do sth 答案：Let's not fly kites now.. 例3将下列祈使句改成否定句。 Let him stay at home alone. ☆满分技巧：第三人称祈使句的否定结构，是在其句首加do't。不要和第一人称祈 使句的否定结构混淆起来。 答案：Don't let him stay at home alone. 实战演练 一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.Don't come)in,please! 2.Let me （try)again. 3.No smoke)here! 4. (not,talk)and (read)aloud. 5.Let's （say)it together. 二、单项选择。 ()1. me the book,please. A.Pass B.Passing C.To pass （)2. make any noise.They are having an exam. A.Not B.No C.Don't (）3.Be quick！ be late for school. A.Won't B.Don't C.Be not ）4.Read more, you will know a lot. A.and B.so C.or (）5.Please smoke here!Look,“ smoking''！ A.no;Don't B.don't;No C.no;No 82● 第三章句法 三、按要求完成下列各题。 (一)连词成句。 1.here,come,and,the,blackboard,clean(!) 2.the,window,close,please (. 3.be,don't,late,class,for(!) 4.Mum,me,give,some,cookies,please(.) 5.let,them,don't,play,the,along,river (? (二)将下列祈使句改成否定句或肯定句。 1.Brush your teeth now. 2.Let the baby laugh. 3.Let the dog stay in the cage. 4.Don't wait for me. 5.Don't let her open the window 6.Let's not walk around the tree. 自我评价 请查阅参考答案。 你答对了 题；答错了 题。请你给自己对本讲内容的掌握情况打星： ☆☆☆☆☆。 ●83 英语 满分解题技巧 第5讲There be句型 知识导航 1.There be句型的肯定形式 There be句型的肯定句表示“某处存在某人或某物”或“某时发生某事”。 (1)There is+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点/时间状语 There is a telephone on the table..桌上有个电话。 (2)There are+可数名词复数+地点/时间状语 There are two pairs of shoes under the bed.床底下有两双鞋c (3)当后面接多个并列名词时，如果第一个名词是单数，b动词就用单数形式；如果第 一个名词是复数，b动词则用复数形式，这就是所谓的“就近原则”，例如： DThere is an apple,two pears and three bananas in the basket. 2There are three bananas,two pears and an apple in the basket. 2.There be句型的否定形式 (1)There be句型的否定形式的结构主要是：There be-+not+名词+其他成分.例如： There is some milk in the fridge.-There isn't any milk in the fridge. (2)There be句型的另一种否定形式：在名词前加no,例如：There is no milk in the fridge 3.There be句型的疑问句 (1)There be句型的一般疑问句 ①把there和谓语动词be的位置互换。 ②如果肯定句中有some,在变为疑问句时，应将some变为any。 ③对there be句型的一般疑问句作回答时，先回答yes或no,然后用there be作简略 回答。 (2)There be句型的特殊疑问句 ①对名词提问：What's+地点+其他成分？/What was+地点+其他成分？例如： There is a picture on the wall.-What's on the wall? ②对名词的数量提问：How many+名词复数形式+are/were there+-其他成分？例如： There is a picture on the wall.->How many pictures are there on the wall? 84 第章句法 典例透析 例1单项选择。 (）How many months in a year? A.are there B.is there C.have D.be ☆满分技巧：由疑问词how many可知此为there be句型的特殊疑问句句式。There be 句型的特殊疑问句是由“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”构成，具体结构为“特殊疑问词+可 数名词复数/不可数名词+be there+-其他”，months是可数名词复数，故be动词用are。 答案：A 例2改错。 ()There are an apple and two bananas in the basket. A B C ☆满分技巧：There be句型中，be动词的数遵循就近原则。本题中与be动词离得近 的是an apple,是单数，且时态为一般现在时，故A错，应用iso 答案：Ais 例3按要求写句子。 There was some chalk on the teacher's desk this morning.(改为否定句) ☆满分技巧：There be句型改为否定句是在be动词后加not,句中的some要改为 any。其余照抄下来。 答案：There was not any chalk on the teacher's desk this morning. 实战演练 一、用there be的正确形式填空。 some bread in the fridge. 2. one ruler,five books and two pens in the bag. 3. two books and a dictionary on the desk. 4.-How many cars on the road?-There is one. 5.How much juice in the bottle? 6. any rice in the box. ●85 4 英语 满分解题技巧 二、单项选择。 ()1.There's eraser on desk. A.an;the B.the;a C.the;the D.an;/ (）2.There a lot of good news in yesterday's newspaper. A.is B.are C.was D.were ()3.There ten peaches and an orange in the box. A.are B.is C.has D.have ()4.- kites are there in the sky?-There are eleven. A.How old B.How much C.Are there D.How many ()5.There is student in the classroom. A.many B.not C.no D.some 三、句型转换。 l.There are some cars and buses on the street.(改为一般疑问句) there cars or buses on the street? 2.一Is there a pay phone across from the library??（作否定回答) -No, 3.There is a piece of paper on the table.(改为一般疑问句) there piece of paper on the table? 4.There are two pay phones in the neighborhood.(改为否定句) There two pay phones in the neighborhood. 5.There are 15 children in our class.（对画线部分提问) children in your class? 自我评价 请查阅参考答案。 你答对了 题；答错了 题。请你给自己对本讲内容的掌握情况打星： ☆☆☆☆☆。 86●英语 满分解题技巧 5.windy 6.funny 二、1.a small old bike 2.three blue Chinese umbrellas 3.two high mountains 4.five big red apples 5.ten new blue hats 6.four green and beautiful pencil boxes 7.three cute puppies 8.two big old red bags 第2讲副词及其用法 一、1.B2.B3.A4.A5.B 1.carefully 2.gentle 3.really 4.either 5.high 第3讲形容词、副词的比较级 和最高级 -、1.C2.C3.C4.A5.c 二、1.Who;older/elder;You 2.Whose;longer;his;hers;Hers 3.Do;fly;higher;fly;lower;him 4.sister;gets;earlier 5.do well;jump higher;her 三、1.don't;well 2.It snows more heavily today than it did last Sunday. 3.He sings as well as his brother. 4.Which story do you like best in this book? 5.Tom runs faster than his classmates. 第三章句法 第1讲陈述句 一、1.no2.nothing3.without4.hardly ever 5.No one 二、（一)l.There aren't any birds flying in the sky. 150 2.We don't do morning exercises every day. 3.I wasn't in the gym yesterday afternoon. ()1.My English is good enough. 2.Mingming's parents will find a music teacher for him. 3.My sister became an office girl last year. (1.I went to school at half past seven last week. 2.She never gets up early on Sundays. 3.Mary received a letter from her friend yesterday. 4.We talked to each other in English in yesterday's lesson. 5.I read a newspaper yesterday evening. 三、1.John won't go to the park. 2.You can't take newspapers out of the library. 3.My brother is not good at English 4.There are two pens and three bottles of water in my bag. 5.The Internet can help you study. 第2讲疑问句 1.Does;does;doesn't 2.Do;do;don't 3.Is;is;isn't 4.Are;am;am not 5.Does;does;doesn't 二、1.C2.C3.A4.B5.C 三、l.Is it sunny and hot?Yes,itis. 2.Do your brother and sister like the purple bike？No,they don't. 3.Is there a library in our school?No,there isn't. 4.Has Jim got three blue balloons?No,he hasn't 5.Were you in the classroom at 8:00 this momning? No,I wasn't. 四、1.Which city do you like best,.Shanghai, Guangzhou or Beijing? 2.Is your sister a doctor or a teacher? 3.Do you usually have lunch at twelve? 4.Whose cat is it,his or hers? 5.Which are you interested in,listening to music or reading? 第3讲感叹句 -、1.B2.B3.C4.C5.A 二、1.What2.How3.What4.How5.How 三、1.What a2.What fine3.What a4.How hard 5.How wonderfully 第4讲祈使句 -1.come 2.try 3.smoking 4.Don't talk;read 5.say 二、1.A2.C3.B4.A5.B 三、（一)1.Come here and clean the blackboard! 2.Close the window,please. 3.Don't be late for class! 4.Mum,give me some cookies,please. 5.Don't let them play along the river! (二）l.Don't brush your teeth now. 2.Don't let the baby laugh. 3.Don't let the dog stay in the cage 4.Wait for me. 5.Let her open the window. 6.Let's walk around the tree. 第5讲There be句型 一、1.There is2.There is3.There are 参考答案 4.are there 5.is there 6.There isn't 二、1.A2.C3.A4.D5.C 三、1.Are;any2.there isn't3.Is;a 4.aren't 5.How many;are there 第四章时态 第1讲一般现在时 1.has 2.are 3.don't watch 4.is 5.Do;read 二、is;likes;lives;gets;has;goes; watches;reads 三、l.He doesn't go to the library by bike. 2.Does Kim play baseball very well? 3.David likes learning French. 第2讲一般过去时 -、1.D2.B3.D4.D5.C6.A 二、1.heard2.began3.Did;go4.was5.was 6.had 7.visited 8.were 9.has;had 10.Did;have 三、l.How was Jane yesterday? 2.He waited for you three hours ago. 3.He often went home at 6:00 last month. 4.I could fly kites seven years ago. 5.Did you see him just now? 四、1.a new bike for2.Did;read 3.What's;doing 4.didn't spend 5.Where did your;go 第3讲一般将来时 1.will;study 2.plan 3.hope 4.will;do; leave 5.will return;get 二、1.C2.C3.D4.B5.B6.D7.B8.B9.B 三、1.People in the north will go skating next winter. 2.He will come back late in two days. 151