内容正文:
语法专题二、代词之指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词
考点1 指示代词考点精讲
(1)this, that, these与those的用法
① this/these表近指, that/those表远指。
this(单数)—these(复数), that(单数)—those(复数)
如:This is my watch. That is his watch.
These are my books. Those are his books.
② 打电话时,常用“that”询问对方是“谁”, 用“this”介绍自己。
如:—Hello, is that Lucy? —Hello, this is Lucy.
(2 ) it, one与that 的用法辨析
三个词都可代替上文出现的事物,避免重复,但用法也有不同,区别如下:
1 it 特指上下文提到的是同一个事物。
· I can’t find my ticket. Where is it?
我找不到我的票了,它在那里。(it就指我丢的那一张票。)
2 one 泛指上下文提到的是同类事物中的一个,同类不同物,其复数为ones。
· I like your watch. I also want to buy one.
我喜欢你的手表。我也想买一个。(one代替和你的手表同款的另一个)
3 that常用于比较结构,代替不可数名词或单数名词,复数是those。
· In winter, the weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.
在冬天,北京的天气比上海的要更冷。(that用于比较结构,代替前面weather)
(3)it的用法汇总
① 指时间、天气或距离等
· It's eight o'clock now. It's time for class.
· It's getting hotter and hotter.
· It's five miles from my home to the school.
② 指谈话双方都知道的或都不知道的人或事
· —Who is knocking at the door?
—It must be Li Lei. He said he would come tonight.
4 作形式主语或形式宾语
· It's important to study English well.
· We found it hard to finish the work on time.
考点2 不定代词
1. 常见的普通不定代词有:some,any,one,each, every, no, none,all,both,either, neither,many, much,a few,a little,other,another,the other 等。
2. 形容词或else 修饰something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody,everything, everyone, everybody等复合不定代词时,形容词或else放在这些复合不定代词的后面。
如:Do you have anything else to tell us?
There is nothing wrong with your bike.
【易混不定代词辨析】
(1) some, any 一些
①some 常用于肯定句;但是希望对方肯定回答时,疑问句中用some。
②any 常用于否定句和疑问句,还可用于if引导的条件从句;用于肯定句时,表示“任何一个”。
(2) many, much 许多
①many+名词复数。例如:He has many friends.
②much+不可数名词。例如:He doesn't have much money.
(3) a few, few, a little, little
①a few/few+可数名词复数。a few意为“有一点”;few意为“几乎没有”(否定词)。
②a little/little+不可数名词。a little意为“有一点”(还可接形容词或比较级);
little 意为“几乎没有”(否定词)。
(4) both, either, neither
①both意为“两者都”,both of…作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
词组:both…and 两者都
②either意为“两者之一”,either of…作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
词组:either…or 要么……要么
③neither意为“两者都不”,neither o