2023年中考英语语法笔记：形容词与副词

形容词(Adjective) 一．概念理解：用来修饰或描写名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、特征、状态的词，称为形容词，英语中常用adj,表示。 二．形容词的句法功能：形容词可在句中作定语、表语或宾/主语补足语等。 例：1).Beijing is a beautiful city.(定语) 2).I’m very glad to meet you.(表语) 3).We felt very excited at the exciting news.(表语；定语) 4).The news made us happy. Who left the door open? We found it very interesting to read English novels. (宾语补足语) 5).They were made angry by what he said. (主语补足语) ** “the+形容词”表一类人或事物，可作主语或宾语 例：1).The rich must help the poor. 2).The young have different ideas on it from the old. 注意：1.少数形容词，如：little, live [laiv](活的), elder, eldest,only,wooden,woolen等以及复合形容词 (English-speaking,kind-hearted,man-made,take-away)等只能作定语，不能做表语。 例：1) It’s a nice little house.不说The house is little.但可说The house is small. 2) Although old, he is still very much alive.(不用live) 3) My brother is three years older than me.(不用elder) 4) His eldest brother is a famous doctor.(不用oldest) 5) New Zealand is an English-speaking country. 2.少数形容词：afraid,awake,asleep,alive,alike,alone,ill,well,worth,glad,unable等只作表语，不做定语。 例：1).Don’t be afraid. 2).The twins are alike. 3).He is awake to the difficulty. 4).She is ill (sick). 5).This book is (well) worth reading.(不可用very,而用well修饰) 6).He is alone at home, but he never feels lonely. 注意：可说She ‘s a sick woman.而不能说She’s an ill woman. 三．1.形容词在句子中的位置： 作定语时，一般放在所修饰的名词之前。如有两个以上的形容词修饰名词时，先后位置由他们和被 修饰的名词的关系密切程度而定。一般，关系最密切者最靠近名词： 例：1).She is a clever girl. 2).It’s a high and modern building. 2.当形容词所修饰的词是由some, any, every, no等构成的不定代词时，要放在其后： 例：1) I have something new to tell you.2)We asked someone friendly for help. 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词后修饰： 例：1).The street is 35 metres wide. 2).a hole 10 metres deep *** 注意：也可用 a 35-metre-wide street a 21-year-old man的表达形式 注意：below, above, nearby, else, alone等形容词作定语时，一般放在被修饰词的后面： 例：1)They saw the girl crying on the chair below.2)He works in the facto