2023年中考英语语法笔记：代词

代词(Pronoun) 一．概念理解： 代词是代替名词、名词短语或数词的词，具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中用pron.表示。 二．代词的种类：人称、物主、反身、指示、不定、相互、疑问和关系代词八类 (一)人称代词的用法： *人称代词有人称、数、格和性的变化。 数 单数 单数 复数 复数 格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he him they them she her it it he,him为阳性,she,her为阴性，it为中性。 A.主格用法： 1．一般来说，人称代词的主格在句中做主语。 例：I like English. 2．有时在叙述故事时常将动物人格化，可爱、美丽的动物用she来表示，凶猛的动物用he或it表示。 　例：Tom has a lovely cat.She is his favourite. 表示船只、祖国、大地、月亮等时常用代词she。 例：China is our motherland.She is getting richer and stronger. 1． 当几个不同的人称代词做主语时，常用and或or连接，其排列顺序是： (1) 单数人称代词常按第二、三、一人称的顺序：you,he/she and I; you and I; you and he/she 例：You,she and I will go there by air. 注意：在承担责任或检讨时，通常把第一人称代词I 放在句首。 例：-Who ate my apples? -I and Lucy. (2) 复数人称代词常按第一、二、三人称的顺序：we,you and they; we and you/they; you and they 例：We,you and they like swimming. 注意：we,you, they有时在句中并非特定的人，译成汉语是不必译为原意。 例：They speak English in America. We had a heavy snow last year. 注意：人称代词主格可用作表语，主要用在强调句型“It+be+强调部分+that从句”和口语中。 例：1.It is he that told me about it. 2.- Who broke the glass? –It’s her/she. B．宾格用法： 1．人称代词宾格一般用作及物动词或短语的宾语： 例：Mrs Zhao teaches us English. Please write them down.(代词作宾语需在“动词+副词”构成的短语中间) 注意：介词后面只能接人称代词宾格，不能用主格。 例：1.There is a chair between you and me. 2.It is impossible for him to finish the work without our help. 2．人称代词宾格还可用作表语： 例：-Who is knocking at the door? –It’s me. 3．人称代词it的特殊用法： a.打电话时用于指人： Hello,it is Jackson. b.代替小孩或婴儿： She was holding a baby in her arms and it was crying. c.指不清楚性别等信息的人：-Who is singing over there?-It must be Mary. d.指时间、天气和距离等：The radio says,it’s going to rain today. e.代替提到过的人或事物：Your bag is very nice.Where did you buy it? 注意：但one用于指代同类（避免重复）人或事物：Your bag is very nice,I want to buy one,too. f.用在强调句型中：It was last night that I got an e-mail from my friend. g.用作形式主语或宾语：It is very difficu