专题04说明文（二）2022-2023学年下学期高一英语阅读理解名校好题100篇

专题04 说明文（二） 一．（2020·高一课时练习）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Astronomy is the oldest science ___1___（know）to man. Thousands of years ago man looked at the stars and wondered about the heavens. But man was ___2___（limit）by the six planets that he could see only ___3___ his eyes alone. The Greeks studied astronomy over 2,000 years ago. They could see the size colour, and ___4___（bright）of a star. They could see its place in the sky. They watched the stars __5__（move ）as the seasons changed. But the Greeks had no tools to help themselves study the heavens. Each new tool added to the field of astronomy helped man reach out into space. Man knew a little about the moon ___6___ there were telescopes. He did not know that the planet called Saturn had ___7___（ring）around it. His sight was ___8___ limited that he could not see all the planets. In the early 1700s, people thought there were only six planets. Before the spectroscope, man did not know what kind of gases ___9___（be）around the sun or other stars. Without the radio-telescope, we did not know that radio noises came from far in space. Today, astronomy is a ____10____（grow）science. We have learned more in the last fifty years than in the whole history of astronomy. 参考答案： 1．known    2．limited    3．with    4．brightness    5．move    6．until    7．rings    8．so    9．was    10．growing 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类探索太空的历史。 1．考查过去分词。句意：天文学是人类知道的最古老的科学。the oldest science是know动作的承受者，故用过去分词known作定语，表示被动。故填known。 2．考查被动语态。句意：但是人类被限制在只能用眼睛观察到的六个星球上。根据句意可知此处为被动语态， be limited by被……所限制。故填limited。 3．考查介词。句意：但是人类被限制在只能用眼睛观察到的六个星球上。用眼睛观察应用介词“with”。故填with。 4．考查名词。句意：他们可以看星星的大小，颜色和亮度。分析句子可知此处为and连接的三个并列的名词，brightness“亮度”。故填brightness。 5．考查动词的宾补结构。句意：他们看到星星随着季节的变化而移动。理解句意可知，本空并非表示看着星星正在移动，而是观看移动的整个过程，故用动词原形作宾语补足语。故填move。 6．考查连词。句意：直到有了望远镜人类才开始了解月球。理解句意可知，此处应用until引导时间状语从句，故填until。 7．考查名词复数。句意：他并不知道土星周围围绕着土星环。根据常识可知，土星有土星环，而且不止一个，故用名词ring“环行物”的复数形式。故填rings。 8．考查连词。句意：人类的视力如此有限以至于看不到所有的星球。根据句意结合空后的形容词limited，可知此处考查结果状