内容正文:
分词
一 现在分词与过去分词在用法上的区别
现在分词表示的动作是主动的或者正在进行的,过去分词表示的动作是被动的或者已经完成的。
Seeing nobody at home,she decided to leave them a note.
Seen from the hill,the town looks magnificent.
现在分词有一般式和完成式,并且有主动语态和被动语态,而过去分词只有一般式,没有完成式,也没有主动语态。
Having forgotten his telephone number,I could not ring him up.
That building being repaired is our library.
Having been written in haste,his paper has a few mistakes.
二 分词作定语的应用
1. 单个现在分词作定语时,一般放在它所修饰的名词之前,有的表示特点,有的表示动作,有的既表示特点又表示动作。
表示特点的现在分词,实际上已经变成形容词了。
an interesting story a pressing problem a promising young man shocking news trying conditions penetrating analysis overwhelming majority
表示动作的现在分词有:
a smiling face a crying baby a biting cold the roaring sea
the guiding principle a walking dictionary the working people
单个现在分词有时也可以用作后置定语。
The people shopping are Chinese and foreigners.
单个过去分词作定语时,一般放在它所修饰的名词之前,或表示特点,或表示承受动作的结果或者状态。表示特点的过去分词,实际上已经变成形容词了。
an experienced doctor distinguished guests a crowded place
a devoted friend a fixed habit
表示承受动作的结果或者状态的过去分词有:
a trained nurse a spoiled child changed conditions
planned economy molten iron boiled water
a broken window a locked door
少数不及物动词的过去分词也可以作前置定语,起形容词作用,并且具有主动的含义。
a retired worker
单个过去分词有时也可以用作后置定语。
He made a detailed description of everything found.
2. 分词短语作定语时,应该放在它所修饰的名词之后。
现在分词作定语时,往往具有进行、持续的含义,与谓语所表示的动作同时发生,这种分词短语转换为定语从句时要用进行时态。
Do you know the man talking to our dean?
Come next Monday and give the application to the man sitting at that desk.
如果现在分词所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作不是同时发生的,则一般不宜用分词短语作定语,而须用定语从句。
I want to talk to the person who broke the window.
现在分词作定语时,有时表示经常性的动作或状态,与谓语所表示的动作不一定是同时发生的,这种分词短语转换为定语从句时要用一般时态。
I have constantly referred to works dealing with those subjects.
The old building standing at the corner of the street was built in 1940.
现在分词作定语时,有时表