选修2 现在分词所做成分及用法-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-选修2系列资料（人教版） Chapter1现在分词所做成分及用法 考频分析 现在分词是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的5%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、阅读理解（涉及长难句分析）、书面表达（用于复杂句式构 建)。在语境理解类题目中，现在分词作定语、状语及宾语补足语的用法往往是解题关键。 老查内容 高中英语对现在分词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·句法成分功能：作定语（前置表性质、后置表动作）、状语（时间、原因、伴随、结果）、宾语补足语的 识别与辨析； ·时态与语态搭配：与逻辑主语构成主动关系时用一般式doing,表主动且先于谓语动作时用完成式having done; ·固定搭配与语境：感官动词(see/hear等)后作宾补、介词后作宾语、某些动词(enjoy/avoid等)后接 doing的固定用法。 精讲精练 知识点一：现在分词所做成分及用法 ·作定语（修饰名词，表主动或进行） -前置定语（单个分词）：running water(流水)、a sleeping baby(熟睡的婴儿) -后置定语（分词短语）：The girl singing in the room is my sister.(正在房间唱歌的女孩是我妹妹) -例句：·I like the book written by Lu Xun..(错误示例，此处应为过去分词，正确主动示例：a developing country发展中国家)口The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor.(正在和老师说话的男人是 我们班长) ·作表语（位于系动词后，表主语特征或状态） 一常见搭配：be+现在分词（多表示主动或主语的性质） -例句：口The film is very interesting.(这部电影很有趣)口The news is exciting.(这个消息令人兴奋) ·作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作或状态） -常见动词：see,hear,watch,.keep,find,have等 -例句：口I saw her dancing in the park..(我看见她正在公园跳舞)口We kept the fire burning all night.. (我们让火整夜燃烧着) ·作状语（表示时间、原因、伴随、结果等，其逻辑主语与主句主语一致） -时间状语（相当于when引导的从句）：alking in the street,I met an old friend.(在街上走时，我遇 到了一位老朋友) -伴随状语（表同时进行的动作）：He sat on the sofa,reading a newspaper..(他坐在沙发上看报纸) -结果状语（表自然而然的结果）：The heavy rain lasted for three days,causing floods in many areas. (大雨下了三天，导致许多地区发洪水) -例句：口Being ill,,he didn't go to school..(因为生病了，他没去上学)口They stood there,waiting for the bus.(他们站在那里等公交车) ·作主语（通常用t作形式主语，或用于固定句型） -直接作主语：Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益) -形式主语结构：It's no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收一固定句型"It's no use/good+doing sth”) -例句：☐Collecting stamps is his hobby.(集邮是他的爱好)口lt's interesting playing with children. (和孩子们一起玩很有趣) 【即学即练】 1.【现在分词作定语】The_child is sleeping in the bedroom, A.sleep B.slept C.sleeping D.to sleep 2.【现在分词作宾语补足语】I heard her_in the next room when I passed by. A.sing B.singing C.to sing D.sang 3.【现在分词作主语】It's no use_about the exam result now. A.worry B.worried C.to worry D.worrying 4.【现在分词作状语】_in the street,I met an old friend. A.Walk B.Walked C.Walking D.To walk 5.【现在分词作表语】The news is very一.Ve all feel excited. A.excite B.excited C.exciting D.to excite 选修2|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-选修2系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：非谓语动词之不定式用法 ·作主语（表具体动作或一次性行为，常与形式主语t搭配） 1.直接作主语 -结构：T0+动词原形+其他成分 -例句：口To learn English well is important..(学好英语很重要)口To help others makes him happy.. (帮助别人使他快乐) 2.形式主语结构 -结构：t+be+形容词/名词+to do sth(it为形式主语，真正主语为todo不定式) -例句：口It is necessary to take exercise every day..(每天锻炼是必要的)·t's a good habit to read books in the morning.(早上读书是个好习惯) ·作宾语（跟在及物动词后，表具体动作）》 1.常见动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、decide(决定)、plan(计划)、try(尝试)、learn(学习)、 agree(同意) 2.结构：动词+to+动词原形 3.例句：口She wants to buy a new skirt..(她想买一条新裙子)口They decided to visit the museum tomorrow.(他们决定明天去参观博物馆) 4.特殊结构：疑问词+todo(作宾语，表“如何做”) 5.例句：口Idon't know how to solve this problem.(我不知道如何解决这个问题)口He asked me where to find the library.(他问我在哪里能找到图书馆) ·作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作或状态，部分动词后省略to) 1.带to的动词：ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、teach(教)、advise(建议) 2.结构：动词+宾语+to+动词原形 3.例句：口My mother told me to finish my homework first..(妈妈告诉我先完成作业)口The teacher asked us to read the text aloud.(老师让我们大声读课文) 4.省to的动词：make(使)、let(让)、have(使)、see(看见)、hear(听见)、watch(观看)（被动 语态中to需还原) 5.结构：动词+宾语+动词原形（主动）/to+动词原形（被动） 6.例句：口The boss made the workers work10 hours a day.(主动，省to,work用原形)口The workers were made to work10 hours a day by the boss.(被动，还原to,用to work) ·作定语（修饰名词，表“要做的事”，位于名词后） 一结构：名词+to+动词原形（逻辑上为动宾关系，不定式动词为及物动词时，名词为其宾语） -例句：☐I have a lot of homework to do.(todo修饰homework,逻辑上“do homework'”)口He needs a pen to write with.(to write with修饰pen,write为不及物动词，需加介词with,逻辑上“write with a pen") ·作状语（表目的、结果、原因等） 1.目的状语（常位于句首或句中，用todo或in order to do) 2.例句：口To catch the early bus,she got up at6a.m.(为了赶上早班车，她早上6点起床)口He studies hard in order to pass the exam.(他努力学习是为了通过考试) 3.结果状语（常用only to do,表“意外结果”） 4.例句：口He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.(他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经 开走了)口She went home,only to be told that her mother was ill..(她回到家，却被告知妈妈生病了) 5.原因状语（常位于表情绪的形容词后，如happy,.glad,sorry,.sad等） 6.例句：口'm glad to see you again.(再次见到你我很高兴)口She was sad to hear the bad news. (听到这个坏消息她很难过) ·作表语（位于系动词后，表主语的职业、身份或具体内容） 一结构：主语+be+to+动词原形 -例句：His dream is to become a scientist.(他的梦想是成为一名科学家)口The first step is to finish the preparation.(第一步是完成准备工作) 知识点三：非谓语动词之过去分词用法 ·作定语（修饰名词，表被动或完成） 一基础用法（高考核心）： 1.前置定语（单个分词）：broken window(破窗户)→例句：The broken window needs to be repaired. 2.后置定语（分词短语）：students taught by Mr..Li(李老师教的学生)→例句：The students taught by Mr.Li are all hard-working. 一高考易错点对比： 1.主动与被动：a developing country(发展中国家，主动)vs a developed country(发达国家，被动) 2.进行与完成：falling leaves(落叶，正在落下)vs fallen leaves(落叶，已落下)→例句：Fallen leaves cover the ground in autumn. ·作表语（位于系动词后，表主语状态或感受） -常见搭配：be+过去分词（表被动或主语的感受） -高考高频例句： 1.The door is closed.(门是关着的，表状态) 2.I am interested in this novel..(我对这部小说感兴趣，表感受) -易混点区分： *exciting(令人兴奋的，修饰物)vs excited(感到兴奋的，修饰人)→例句：He felt excited when he heard the exciting news. ·作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作或状态，表被动或完成） -常见动词：have,get,make,keep,see,hear等 -高考必背结构： 1.have sth..done(让某事被做)→例句：I had my hair cut yesterday, 2.see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：Ne saw the thief caught by the police -真题再现：She wants to get her bike_(repair)this afternoon.(答案：repaired) ·作状语（表示时间、原因、条件、让步等，逻辑主语与主句主语一致，表被动关系） 一高考常考类型： 1.时间状语（相当于when引导的被动从句）：Seen from the hill,.the city looks beautiful.(从山上看， 这座城市很美) 2.原因状语（相当于because引导的被动从句）：Born into a poor family,he had to work at an early age.(因为出生在贫困家庭，他很小就得工作) 3.条件状语：Given more time,we can finish the task better.(如果给更多时间，我们能更好地完成 任务) -高考考点提示：过去分词作状语前可加连词：Although tired,he continued working.(尽管累，他仍继 续工作) ·with复合结构（高考难点） -基本结构：wth+宾语+过去分词（表宾语与分词动作被动关系） 一高考经典例句： 1.Vith homework finished,.he went out to play.(作业完成后，他出去玩了) 2.The teacher came in with a book held in his hand.(老师手里拿着一本书进来了) -模拟题应用：_(with)all the work done,they went home happily..(答案：With) 选修2|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-选修2系列资料（人教版） 老法一：现在分词作状语用法辨析 ·核心：根据上下文语境判断现在分词作状语的类型（时间、伴随、结果等），确保逻辑主语与主句主语 致 ·真题1（语法填空）： --(walk)along the street,she noticed a small shop selling handmade toys. -答案：Valking解析：此处需用现在分词作时间状语，相当于"When she was walking”,逻辑主语”she” 与"walk”为主动关系，故填Valking。 ·真题2（单选题）： He sat in the armchair,_a newspaper. A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads -答案：B解析：句中"reading a newspaper'”为现在分词作伴随状语，表示与”sat”同时进行的动作，逻 辑主语"he”与”read”为主动关系，故选B。 考法二：非谓语动词作定语辨析 ·核心：根据被修饰名词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系（主动/被动、进行完成），选择现在分词、过去分词或 不定式作定语 ·真题1（语法填空）： The students_(play)basketball on the playground are from Class Three. -答案：playing解析：被修饰名词“students”与非谓语动词“play”为主动关系，且动作正在进行，用 现在分词作后置定语。 ·真题2（完形填空）： We need more_(train)teachers to work in the rural areas. A.train B.training C.trained D.to train -答案：C解析：被修饰名词“teachers”与非谓语动词“train”为被动关系(“被培训l的老师”)，用过 去分词作前置定语；A为动词原形，B为现在分词（主动），D为不定式（表将来），均不符合语境。 考法三：非谓语动词作定语的综合辨析 ·核心：根据被修饰名词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系（主动/被动、进行完成、将要发生），区分现在分词、过 去分词和不定式作定语的用法 ·真题1（单顶选择）： -The girl_in the classroom is my best friend.She likes_stories and often has many_books to read. A.reading wrote interesting B.reading writing interesting C.read writing interested D.read wrote interested -答案：B解析：第一空需用现在分词作后置定语，"gir"与"read”是主动关系且动作正在进行，用reading; 第二空"'like doing sth”是固定搭配，用writing;第三空修饰物"books”表特征，用现在分词interesting (interested修饰人表感受)o ·真题2（语法填空）： -I have a lot of work_(do)today.The report_(finish)yesterday is very important.Look!The boy -(play)basketball over there is our monitor. -答案：to do finished playing解析：第一空”work”后用不定式作定语表将要发生的动作，用todo;第 二空"report'”与"finish”是被动关系且动作已完成，用过去分词finished;第三空"boy”与"play”是主动 关系且动作正在进行，用现在分词playing。 选修2|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-选修2系列资料（人教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.The_child is sleeping in the bedroom. A.sleep B.slept C.sleeping D.to sleep 2.I heard her_in the next room when I passed by. A.sing B.singing C.to sing D.sang 3.It's no use_about the exam result now. A.worry B.worried C.to worry D.worrying 4.The teacher asked us _the text carefully before class A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads 5.-from the top of the mountain,the city looks more beautiful. A.See B.Seeing C.Seen D.To see 6.We need _more time to finish the project. A.give B.giving C.to give D.given 7.He hurried to the airport,only-_that the flight had taken off. A.finding B.to find C.found D.finds 8.The novel by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. A.write B.writing C.written D.to write 9.My father often tells me_too much time on computer games. A.not to spend B.not spend C.not spending D.not spent 10.English well,she practices speaking every morning. A.Learn B.Learning C.Tolearn D.Learned 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The girl_(dance)on the stage is my cousin. 2.I have a letter_(post)this afternoon 3.They stood there_(wait)for the bus in the rain. 4.The broken window needs _(repair)as soon as possible. 5.-(swim)is a good way to keep healthy 6.She was made-(apologize)for her mistake 7.The heavy rain caused the river_(rise)quickly. 8.I saw a thief_(catch)by the police yesterday. 9.(not know)his address,I couldn't visit him.