选修2 过去分词所做成分及用法-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-选修2系列资料（人教版） Chapter1过去分词所做成分及用法 考频分析 过去分词是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的5%左右，涉及试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 (1-2题)、完形填空(23题)、语法填空(2-3题)、阅读理解（辅助理解长难句）。在语境理解和语法应用 类题目中，过去分词作定语、状语、补语及表语的用法是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对过去分词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·句法成分识别：作定语（前置定语与后置定语的区别及应用）、表语（与现在分词作表语的辨析）、宾语 补足语（常见动词后的固定搭配）、状语（表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等逻辑关系）； ·语态与时态关联：在被动语态中与不同时态结合的构成（如现在完成时被动语态has been+过去分词）， 及物动词与不及物动词过去分词的区别； ·非谓语结构搭配：过去分词与逻辑主语的被动关系判断，独立主格结构中过去分词的使用，wh复合结 构中过去分词作宾补的情况。 精讲精练 知识点一：过去分词所做成分及用法 ·定语（修饰名词或代词） -前置定语（单个过去分词）：broken(破碎的)、closed(关闭的)→例句：She bought a broken cup. (broken修饰名词cup) -后置定语（短语或复杂结构）：spoken by her(被她说的)、written in English(用英语写的)→例句： The song spoken by her is popular.(spoken by her修饰名词song) ·表语（位于系动词后，说明主语状态） -常见搭配：be/get/become+过去分词→例句：口The door is closed.(closed说明主语door的状 态)口He became interested in music.(interested说明主语He的状态) ·宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的状态或动作） -常见动词：have/make/get/.keep+宾语+过去分词→例句：口I had my hair cut.(cut补充说明宾语 hair)☐Ve keep the room cleaned.(cleaned补充说明宾语room) ·状语（表示时间、原因、条件、让步等） -时间状语：Seen from the top,the city looks beautiful..(seen表示“当从J顶部被看时") -原因状语：Shocked by the news,she cried.(shocked表示“因为被消息震惊”) -条件状语：Given more time,I can finish it.(given表示“如果被给予更多时间") -让步状语：Though beaten many times,he never gave up.(beaten表示“尽管被打败多次") 【即学即练】 1.【过去分词作定语】The一(break)window was repaired by my father yesterday. 2.【过去分词作定语辨析】e should pay attention to the advice_by the expert. A.giving B.given C.to give D.give 3.【过去分词作表语】The door is一(close).tcan't be opened now. 4.【过去分词作宾补】I had my bike一(repair)yesterday: 5.【过去分词作状语】一(see)from the hill,,the city looks very beautiful.. 选修2|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-选修2系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：非谓语动词之不定式用法 ·作主语（表示具体动作或一件事） 1.常用结构 -t+be+形容词/名词+(for sb./ofsb.)+to do sth.(it为形式主语，真正主语是不定式) 一直接用不定式作主语（常用于句首，强调具体动作）》 2.例句 -It is important for us to learn English well.(it作形式主语，forl出动作执行者) -To finish the task on time is his main goal..(不定式直接作主语，位于句首) -It is kind of you to help me.(ofl出表人物品质的形容词kind的逻辑主语) ·作宾语（跟在及物动词后，表动作内容） -常见动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、decide(决定)、try(尝试)、manage(设法)、refuse(拒 绝)、promise(承诺)、plan(计划) -结构：动词+to do sth -例句： *She wants to study abroad next year.(want后接不定式to study作宾语) *They decided to hold a meeting this afternoon.(decide后接不定式to hold作宾语) ·作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作或状态） -常见动词：ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、teach(教)、allow(允许)、force(强迫)、invite (邀请) -结构：动词+宾语+to do sth.(被动语态中to不可省略) 一例句： *My mother told me to clean my room.(told后接宾语me,不定式to clean作宾补) *He was asked to sing a song at the party.(被动语态，to sing不可省略) ·作表语（位于系动词后，说明主语的性质、内容或将来动作） -常见系动词：be(是)、seem(似乎)、appear(显得)、remain(仍然是)入、prove(证明是) -结构：主语+be/seem等+to do sth. -例句： *Her dream is to become a doctor.(不定式to become说明主语dream的内容) *The task seems to be difficult.(不定式tobe说明主语task的性质) ·作状语（表目的、结果、原因等） -目的状语：to do sth.in order to do sth.so as to do sth.(so as to不可位于句首) *例句：He got up early to catch the first bus.(to catch表目的) -结果状语：only to do sth.(出乎意料的结果)/enough to do sth.(足够…去做) *例句：He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left..(only to find表意外结果) -原因状语：be+形容词+to do sth.(表情感的形容词后) *例句：I am glad to meet you.(to meet表原因，“因为见到你而高兴”) ·作定语（修饰名词，表将来动作或未完成的动作） 一位置：位于被修饰名词后（单个不定式作定语也后置） 一逻辑关系：不定式与名词构成动宾关系（若不定式为不及物动词，需加介词） 一例句： *I have a lot of homework to do.(todo修饰homework,逻辑上“做家庭作业”) *He is looking for a room to live in.(live为不及物动词，需加介词in,构成“live in a room") 知识点三：非谓语动词之现在分词与动名词用法区别 ·作定语（修饰名词） 一现在分词（表主动/进行）： *例句：The running boy is my brother.(running修饰boy,表主动“正在跑的”) *例句：The falling leaves are beautiful.(falling修饰leaves.,表进行“正在下落的") 一动名词（表用途性质）： *例句：This is a reading room.(reading修饰room,表用途“用于阅读的”) *例句：e need a swimming pool.(swimming修饰pool,表性质“供游泳的”) ·作表语（位于系动词后） -现在分词（表主语特征，“令人…的”）： *例句：The movie is exciting.(exciting说明moie的特征“令人兴奋的") *例句：Her story sounds interesting.(interesting说明story的特征“有趣的”) 一动名词（表主语内容，“…这件事”）： *例句：His hobby is collecting stamps..(collecting stamps表hobby的具体内容) *例句：Swimming is good for health.(Swimming表“游泳这件事”对健康有益) ·作宾语（跟在及物动词后） 一现在分词（仅用于少数动词后，表“正在进行的动作”）： *例句：I found him reading in the library.(reading表“正在阅读”，作found的宾语补足语) -动名词（用于固定搭配，表“抽象动作”）： *例句：She enjoys listening to music.((listening作enjoy的宾语，表抽象动作“听音乐”) *例句：He practices playing the piano every day..(playing作practice的宾语，表抽象动作“弹钢 琴”) ·作状语（现在分词特有，表伴随/结果时间等） -伴随状语：He sat there,reading a newspaper.(reading表“坐着时正在读报”) -结果状语：The fire lasted a whole night,,leaving nothing valuable.(leaving表“火灾导致的结果”) -时间状语：Walking in the park,I met an old friend.(Valking表“在公园散步时”) 一注：动名词不可作状语，此为两者核心区别之一 选修2|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-选修2系列资料（人教版） 考法一：过去分词作定语用法辨析 ·核心：区分过去分词作前置定语与后置定语的用法，判断过去分词短语的位置及逻辑关系 ·真题1（语法填空）： The_(break)window was repaired by my father yesterday. -答案：broken解析：单个过去分词作前置定语修饰名词window,broken表示“破碎的”，符合语境 “被打碎的窗户”。 ·真题2（完形填空）： We should pay attention to the advice-by the expert. A.giving B.given C.to give D.give -答案：B解析：过去分词短语given by the expert作后置定语修饰名词advice,逻辑上“建议被专家 给出”，表被动关系，用过去分词given。. 考法二：非谓语动词作定语辨析 ·核心：根据被修饰名词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系（被动完成用过去分词，主动/进行用现在分词，将来动 作/未完成用不定式)，选择正确的非谓语形式作定语 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The meeting room _(decorate)last week is now ready for use -答案：decorated解析："decorate”与”meeting room”是被动关系，且动作已完成(last week),用过 去分词作后置定语表被动和完成。 ·真题2（完形填空）： We need someone_(help)with the project.Who can we ask? A.help B.helping C.to help D.helped -答案：C解析：被修饰名词”someone”与"help”是逻辑主谓关系，且表“需要某人去做某事”的将来 动作，用不定式作后置定语表未完成动作，结构为”名词+todo”。 考法三：非谓语动词形式辨析与成分判断 ·核心：根据语境及逻辑关系区分过去分词、不定式、现在分词和动名词的用法，判断其在句中所作成分 (定语、状语、宾语等) ·真题1（单顶选择）： -_the homework,he went to play basketball with his friends. A.Finishing B.Finished C.To finish D.Finish 一答案：A解析：句中已有谓语动词went,需用非谓语动词。主语he与finish之间是主动关系，且“完 成作业”发生在“去打篮球”之前，用现在分词的一般式作时间状语，表主动和完成的动作。 ·真题2（语法填空）： I have a lot of books _(read)during the summer vacation.My parents encourage me_(develop a good reading habit. -答案：to read;to develop解析：第一空，books后需用不定式作定语，表“要读的书”，即“to read” 修饰books,构成动宾关系；第二空，encourage后接不定式作宾语补足语，结构为“encourage sb. to do sth.”,故填“to develop”。 选修2|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-选修2系列资料（人教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.-from the hill,the village looks like a beautiful painting. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.See 2.The teacher asked us_the essay before Friday. A.finish B.finishing C.to finish D.finished 3.This is a_problem that requires careful consideration. A.challenging B.challenged C.to challenge D.challenge 4.He hurried to the airport,only_the flight had already taken off. A.finding B.to find C.found D.find 5.The bookby Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. A.writing B.written C.to write D.write 6.It is important_us-protect the environment. A.for;to B.of;to C.for;for D.of;for 7.the storm,we had to delay our trip. A.Being caught in B.Caught in C.To catch in D.Catch in 8.I have a friend_in London.We often video chat. A.live B.living C.lived D.to live 9.She enjoys_music in her free time. A.listen to B.listening to C.to listen to D.listened to 10.English well,he practices speaking every day. A.Learn B.Learned C.Tolearn D.Learning 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The_(break)vase was a gift from my grandmother. 2.She decided_(study)abroad after graduation 3.The children_(play)in the park are my neighbors. 4.He was happy_(receive)the invitation to the party. 5.-(see)from the sky,the city appears even more magnificent. 6.I need a pen-(write)down the important notes. 7.The novel_(publish)last month has become a bestseller. 8.They walked home_(sing)happily all the way. 9.It is kind_you(help)me with my homework. 10.(finish)his work,he went to bed early. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Nowadays,more and more people are interested in 1.-(learn)online.Online courses offer a convenient way 2._(study)anytime and anywhere.For example,many students choose courses 3.(teach)by top universities.These courses,4.-(design)to meet different needs,allow learners to study at their own pace. However,online learning also has challenges.Some students find it hard 5.-(stay)focused without a teacher's supervision.To solve this problem,experts suggest 6.-(set)specific goals and creating a study schedule.7.-(complete)tasks on time can give learners a sense of achievement. Another advantage of online learning is the resources available.Learners can access materials 8. _(update)regularly,which helps them keep up with the latest knowledge.Many people find it rewarding 9._(learn)new skills through online platforms,as it opens up more opportunities for their careers In conclusion,online learning,when 10.-(use)properly,can be a powerful tool for personal growth. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.A4.B5.B6.A7.B8.B9.B10.C 演练二：填空试题 1.broken 2.to study 3.playing 4.to receive 5.Seen 6.to write 7.published 8.singing 9.of;to help 10.Having finished 演练三：语法填空 1.learning 2.to study 3.taught 4.designed 5.to stay 6.setting 7.Completing 8.updated 9.to learn 10.used 选修2|英语」人教版