2023年中考语法非谓语动词详解

非谓语动词（1) 非谓语动词的肯定形式 动词不定式 动名词/现在分词过去分词 主动 被动 主动 被动 一般式 to be doing being to do done done 完成式 to have to have having having done done been done done been done 进行式 to be doing 非谓语动词的句法功能 主语 谓语宾语表语定语 状语 补语 不定 式 动名 词 分词 动词不定式的形式 动词不定式 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing 完成进行式to have been doing (I)I want to see you.(一般式) (2)I am sorry to have kept you waiting.(完成时) (3)He seems to be worrying about something.（进行式) (4)He is said to have been working there for more than 20 years.(完成进行式) 动词不定式的作用 主语谓语宾语 表语定语状语补语 不定式 V V 作主语、作表语、作补语 To see is to believe.(主语、表语) It is right to do so.（主语) I asked him to help me..(宾语补足语)》 作宾语 I wish to be a college student. She pretended not to see me when I passed by. +动词不定式做宾语 decide/determine,learn,want,hope/wish/expect, refuse,manage,care,pretend, offer,promise,choose,plan, agree,ask/beg,help 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 作定语 1.常用不定式做定语的情况 (1)表将来 例：I have something to do. (2)被修饰的词前有序数词、最高级、no、any、al等限定词 例：He was the best man to do the job, (③)被修饰的是抽象名词 例：I have no time to play. 2.勿忘介词 作定语的不定式中动词如果是不及物动词，或不定式 修饰的名词和代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不 定式后要有相应的介词。(ime,place,way除外) Mr.Zhang is looking for a house to live in. Give me a piece of paper to write on. With the world changing fast,we have something new with all by ourselves every day. A.deal B.dealt C.to deal D.dealing 3主被动差异 注意不定式动作的承受者和执行者 Have you got anything to send? 你有没有东西要寄？（是“你”寄） Have you got anything to be sent? 你有没有东西要我（或别人）寄？（是“我或别人”寄） 作状语 不定式做状语，可表目的、结果、原因 To make friends with rich redneck,you need to...() I am too tired to stay up longer..(结果) I'm glad to see you.(原因) 不定式省略to的情况 l.使役动词have,get,make;感官动词see,watch,notice,,hear,feel, observe等加不定式做宾补时，主动结构中省略to,变被动时要把 to加上。 I heard Mr.Deng sing in the classroom yesterday. Mr.Deng was heard to sing in the classroom yesterday. 2.介词but,except,,than,besides表示“除了” 若介词前有实意动词d0,常省略介词后不定式的to。 例：I can do nothing but wait. 但介词前若无实意动词d0,一般不省略介词后不定式的to。 例：I have no choice but to wait,. 3.下列固定短语后，省略不定式的0 would